On the trajectory of discrimination: A meta-analysis and forecasting survey capturing 44 years of field experiments on gender and hiring decisions

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dc.citation.volume179
dc.contributor.authorSchaerer M
dc.contributor.authorPlessis CD
dc.contributor.authorNguyen MHB
dc.contributor.authorvan Aert RCM
dc.contributor.authorTiokhin L
dc.contributor.authorLakens D
dc.contributor.authorClemente EG
dc.contributor.authorPfeiffer T
dc.contributor.authorDreber A
dc.contributor.authorJohannesson M
dc.contributor.authorClark CJ
dc.contributor.authorUhlmann EL
dc.contributor.authorAbraham AT
dc.contributor.authorAdamus M
dc.contributor.authorAkinci C
dc.contributor.authorAlberti F
dc.contributor.authorAlsharawy AM
dc.contributor.authorAlzahawi S
dc.contributor.authorAnseel F
dc.contributor.authorArndt F
dc.contributor.authorBalkan B
dc.contributor.authorBaskin E
dc.contributor.authorBearden CE
dc.contributor.authorBenotsch EG
dc.contributor.authorBernritter S
dc.contributor.authorBlack SR
dc.contributor.authorBleidorn W
dc.contributor.authorBoysen AP
dc.contributor.authorBrienza JP
dc.contributor.authorBrown M
dc.contributor.authorBrown SEV
dc.contributor.authorBrown JW
dc.contributor.authorBuckley J
dc.contributor.authorButtliere B
dc.contributor.authorByrd N
dc.contributor.authorCígler H
dc.contributor.authorCapitan T
dc.contributor.authorCherubini P
dc.contributor.authorChong SY
dc.contributor.authorCiftci EE
dc.contributor.authorConrad CD
dc.contributor.authorConway P
dc.contributor.authorCosta E
dc.contributor.authorCox JA
dc.contributor.authorCox DJ
dc.contributor.authorCruz F
dc.contributor.authorDawson IGJ
dc.contributor.authorDemiral EE
dc.contributor.authorDerrick JL
dc.contributor.authorDoshi S
dc.contributor.authorDunleavy DJ
dc.contributor.authorDurham JD
dc.contributor.authorElbaek CT
dc.contributor.authorEllis DA
dc.contributor.authorErt E
dc.contributor.authorEspinoza MP
dc.contributor.authorFüllbrunn SC
dc.contributor.authorFath S
dc.contributor.authorFurrer R
dc.contributor.authorFiala L
dc.contributor.authorFillon AA
dc.contributor.authorForsgren M
dc.contributor.authorFytraki AT
dc.contributor.authorGalarza FB
dc.contributor.authorGandhi L
dc.contributor.authorGarrison SM
dc.contributor.authorGeraldes D
dc.contributor.authorGhasemi O
dc.contributor.authorGjoneska B
dc.contributor.authorGothilander J
dc.contributor.authorGrühn D
dc.contributor.authorGrieder M
dc.contributor.authorHafenbrädl S
dc.contributor.authorHalkias G
dc.contributor.authorHancock R
dc.contributor.authorHantula DA
dc.contributor.authorHarton HC
dc.contributor.authorHoffmann CP
dc.contributor.authorHolzmeister F
dc.contributor.authorHoŕak F
dc.contributor.authorHosch A-K
dc.contributor.authorImada H
dc.contributor.authorIoannidis K
dc.contributor.authorJaeger B
dc.contributor.authorJanas M
dc.contributor.authorJanik B
dc.contributor.authorPratap KC R
dc.contributor.authorKeel PK
dc.contributor.authorKeeley JW
dc.contributor.authorKeller L
dc.contributor.authorKenrick DT
dc.contributor.authorKiely KM
dc.contributor.authorKnutsson M
dc.contributor.authorKovacheva A
dc.contributor.authorKovera MB
dc.contributor.authorKrivoshchekov V
dc.contributor.authorKrumrei-Mancuso EJ
dc.contributor.authorKulibert D
dc.contributor.authorLacko D
dc.contributor.authorLemay EP
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-29T22:16:40Z
dc.date.available2024-09-29T22:16:40Z
dc.date.issued2023-11
dc.description.abstractA preregistered meta-analysis, including 244 effect sizes from 85 field audits and 361,645 individual job applications, tested for gender bias in hiring practices in female-stereotypical and gender-balanced as well as male-stereotypical jobs from 1976 to 2020. A “red team” of independent experts was recruited to increase the rigor and robustness of our meta-analytic approach. A forecasting survey further examined whether laypeople (n = 499 nationally representative adults) and scientists (n = 312) could predict the results. Forecasters correctly anticipated reductions in discrimination against female candidates over time. However, both scientists and laypeople overestimated the continuation of bias against female candidates. Instead, selection bias in favor of male over female candidates was eliminated and, if anything, slightly reversed in sign starting in 2009 for mixed-gender and male-stereotypical jobs in our sample. Forecasters further failed to anticipate that discrimination against male candidates for stereotypically female jobs would remain stable across the decades.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.edition.editionNovember 2023
dc.identifier.citationSchaerer M, Plessis CD, Nguyen MHB, Aert RCMV, Tiokhin L, Lakens D, Clemente EG, Pfeiffer T, Dreber A, Johannesson M, Clark CJ, Uhlmann EL, Abraham AT, Adamus M, Akinci C, Alberti F, Alsharawy AM, Alzahawi S, Anseel F, Arndt F, Balkan B, Baskin E, Bearden CE, Benotsch EG, Bernritter S, Black SR, Bleidorn W, Boysen AP, Brienza JP, Brown M, Brown SEV, Brown JW, Buckley J, Buttliere B, Byrd N, Cígler H, Capitan T, Cherubini P, Chong SY, Ciftci EE, Conrad CD, Conway P, Costa E, Cox JA, Cox DJ, Cruz F, Dawson IGJ, Demiral EE, Derrick JL, Doshi S, Dunleavy DJ, Durham JD, Elbaek CT, Ellis DA, Ert E, Espinoza MP, Füllbrunn SC, Fath S, Furrer R, Fiala L, Fillon AA, Forsgren M, Fytraki AT, Galarza FB, Gandhi L, Garrison SM, Geraldes D, Ghasemi O, Gjoneska B, Gothilander J, Grühn D, Grieder M, Hafenbr¨adl S, Halkias G, Hancock R, Hantula DA, Harton HC, Hoffmann CP, Holzmeister F, Hoŕak F, Hosch AK, Imada H, Ioannidis K, Jaeger B, Janas M, Janik B, Kc RP, Keel PK, Keeley JW, Keller L, Kenrick DT, Kiely KM, Knutsson M, Kovacheva A, Kovera MB, Krivoshchekov V, Krumrei-Mancuso EJ, Kulibert D, Lacko D, Lemay EP. (2023). On the trajectory of discrimination: A meta-analysis and forecasting survey capturing 44 years of field experiments on gender and hiring decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 179.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104280
dc.identifier.eissn1095-9920
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn0749-5978
dc.identifier.number104280
dc.identifier.piiS0749597823000560
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/71530
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherElsevier Inc
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749597823000560
dc.relation.isPartOfOrganizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
dc.rights(c) 2023 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectGender Discrimination
dc.subjectField experiments
dc.subjectMeta-analysis
dc.subjectOpen science
dc.subjectForecasting
dc.titleOn the trajectory of discrimination: A meta-analysis and forecasting survey capturing 44 years of field experiments on gender and hiring decisions
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id484865
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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