Variations in the 24 h temporal patterns and time budgets of grazing, rumination, and idling behaviors in grazing dairy cows in a New Zealand system.

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dc.citation.volume101
dc.contributor.authorIqbal MW
dc.contributor.authorDraganova I
dc.contributor.authorHenry Morel PC
dc.contributor.authorTodd Morris S
dc.coverage.spatialUnited States
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-18T01:28:45Z
dc.date.available2024-11-18T01:28:45Z
dc.date.issued2023-01-28
dc.description.abstractThis study investigated the variations in the temporal distributions and the lengths of times utilized for grazing, ruminating, and idling behaviors by grazing dairy cows over 24 h. Spring-calved lactating dairy cows (N = 54) from three breeds, Holstein-Friesian (HFR), Jersey (JE), and KiwiCross (KC) in different lactations (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and with different breeding worth index values (103 < BW > 151) were selected. The cows were managed through a rotational grazing scheme and milked once a day at 0500 hours. The cows grazed mainly pasture and consumed additional feeds (maize silage and turnips) in the summer and autumn seasons. AfiCollar was used to record grazing and rumination behaviors (min/h) in the individual cows throughout the lactation period (~270 d). The time neither utilized for grazing nor rumination was counted as idling behavior (min/h). A repeat measure design with PROC MIXED was performed in SAS considering the effects of breed, lactation, individual cow, the hour of the day, season, day within the season, and supplementary feed within the season to evaluate the difference in grazing, rumination, and idling behaviors. Hour of the day, season, day within season, and supplementary feed had significant effects on grazing, rumination, and idling behaviors. Regardless of the season and supplementary feed, cows spent most of the daytime grazing and most of the nighttime ruminating. Grazing activity remained consistently high throughout the day with two peaks around dawn and dusk and a short peak around midnight. Rumination activity remained high from the late evening until early morning. Grazing and ruminating patterns were similar between different breeds and lactations, however, JE cows grazed slightly longer than HFR and KC, and first-lactation cows grazed slightly longer than those in higher lactations. The onset and cessation of grazing activity by the cows were adjusted according to varying day lengths by season. Cows finished grazing earlier when they consumed additional supplements or silage along with pasture. Cows from different breed groups and lactations spent most of their 24 h grazing followed by ruminating and idling. Season and supplementary feed potentially affected the variations in behavior time budgets. These findings should support improving measures for grazing management to address pasture allocation and additional feed demands, and animal welfare in varying environmental and/or managemental conditions.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.format.paginationskad038-
dc.identifier.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36715205
dc.identifier.citationIqbal MW, Draganova I, Henry Morel PC, Todd Morris S. (2023). Variations in the 24 h temporal patterns and time budgets of grazing, rumination, and idling behaviors in grazing dairy cows in a New Zealand system.. J Anim Sci. 101. (pp. skad038-).
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/jas/skad038
dc.identifier.eissn1525-3163
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn0021-8812
dc.identifier.numberskad038
dc.identifier.pii7008941
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/72014
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherOxford University Press
dc.publisher.urihttps://academic.oup.com/jas/article/doi/10.1093/jas/skad038/7008941
dc.relation.isPartOfJ Anim Sci
dc.rights(c) 2023 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectautomated behavior monitoring
dc.subjectbehavior patterns
dc.subjectbehavior time budgets
dc.subjectgrazing dairy cows
dc.subjectindividual animal data
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectCattle
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectLactation
dc.subjectDiet
dc.subjectNew Zealand
dc.subjectDairying
dc.subjectPlant Breeding
dc.subjectMilk
dc.subjectAnimal Feed
dc.titleVariations in the 24 h temporal patterns and time budgets of grazing, rumination, and idling behaviors in grazing dairy cows in a New Zealand system.
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id459287
pubs.organisational-groupCollege of Health
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