Health impacts of poor water quality on an endangered shorebird breeding programme in Aotearoa New Zealand.

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dc.citation.issue2
dc.citation.volume72
dc.contributor.authorGartrell BD
dc.contributor.authorHunter S
dc.contributor.authorCollen R
dc.contributor.authorJolly M
dc.contributor.authorMcInnes K
dc.contributor.authorRichardson A
dc.contributor.authorReed C
dc.contributor.authorWard R
dc.contributor.authorPita A
dc.coverage.spatialEngland
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-11T21:41:59Z
dc.date.available2024-08-11T21:41:59Z
dc.date.issued2024-02-04
dc.description.abstractCASE HISTORY: Two clusters of mortality among endangered tūturuatu/tchūriwat'/shore plover (Thinornis novaeseelandiae) have occurred at captive breeding facilities around New Zealand in recent years. In the first, four chicks died at Pūkaha National Wildlife Centre (Mount Bruce, NZ) in February 2016, and in the second five adult birds at the Cape Sanctuary (Cape Kidnappers, NZ) died in 2022. CLINICAL FINDINGS: In 2016, four chicks were noted to become weak, have increased vocalisations and closed eyes prior to death. The remaining chicks were treated for 5 days with amoxycillin/clavulanate orally twice daily. Water containers and brooders were cleaned and disinfected with chlorhexidine. No further mortality was seen.In the 2022 cluster, three adult breeding birds died acutely and five others showed inappetence, weight loss and diarrhoea approximately 10 days after heavy rains flooded the local river. The five birds were treated with amoxycillin/clavulanate orally twice daily and oral fluids for 5 days. Two birds died and three survived. No breeding occurred in the aviaries in the following season. PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: In 2016, the chicks showed pulmonary changes ranging from congestion and oedema to heterophilic inflammation consistent with septicaemia.In 2022, the adult birds showed proliferation of bacteria in the distal small intestine associated with mucosal ulceration and heterophilic infiltration. Acid-fast staining of the caecal contents in one bird showed organisms consistent with Cryptosporidium spp. LABORATORY FINDINGS: Aerobic bacterial cultures of the lung and liver of two affected chicks carried out in 2016 showed heavy growth of Plesiomonas shigelloides. The same organism was cultured from water trays and holding tanks containing water boatmen (Sigara arguta) on which the chicks were fed.In 2022, cultures from the livers of three dead birds each showed a mixed bacterial growth with differing dominant organisms (Aeromonas sobria, Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter freundii and an Enterococcus sp.). PCR and sequencing confirmed Cryptosporidium parvum in the caecum of one bird. Fresh faeces from 24 breeding birds from the captive breeding facilities were negative by PCR for Cryptosporidium spp.The captive breeding facilities obtain water for the aviaries and aquatic invertebrates to feed to the chicks from local freshwater sources. Water quality testing at the Cape Sanctuary revealed concentrations of faecal indicator bacteria in excess of safe drinking water guidelines, with peaks following heavy rainfall. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Fluctuations in water quality associated with mammalian faecal bacteria can adversely affect bird health and impact on captive rearing of endangered wildlife.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.edition.edition2024
dc.format.pagination103-111
dc.identifier.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37752889
dc.identifier.citationGartrell BD, Hunter S, Collen R, Jolly M, McInnes K, Richardson A, Reed C, Ward R, Pita A. (2024). Health impacts of poor water quality on an endangered shorebird breeding programme in Aotearoa New Zealand.. N Z Vet J. 72. 2. (pp. 103-111).
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/00480169.2023.2263425
dc.identifier.eissn1176-0710
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn0048-0169
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/71255
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherTaylor and Francis Group
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00480169.2023.2263425
dc.relation.isPartOfN Z Vet J
dc.rights(c) 2023 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY-NC-ND 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectAvian
dc.subjectcryptosporidiosis
dc.subjectendangered species
dc.subjectfaecal bacteria
dc.subjectgastroenteritis
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectCryptosporidiosis
dc.subjectWater Quality
dc.subjectNew Zealand
dc.subjectCryptosporidium
dc.subjectChickens
dc.subjectAmoxicillin
dc.subjectClavulanic Acid
dc.subjectMammals
dc.titleHealth impacts of poor water quality on an endangered shorebird breeding programme in Aotearoa New Zealand.
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id480581
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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