A Review of Nutritional Water Productivity (NWP) in Agriculture: Why It Is Promoted and How It Is Assessed?

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dc.citation.issue24
dc.citation.volume15
dc.contributor.authorDrastig K
dc.contributor.authorSingh R
dc.contributor.authorTelesca F-M
dc.contributor.authorCarra SZ
dc.contributor.authorJordan J
dc.contributor.editorOrange D
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-18T02:37:06Z
dc.date.available2024-07-18T02:37:06Z
dc.date.issued2023-12-14
dc.description.abstractAssessment of nutritional water productivity (NWP) combines a metric of crop or livestock production per unit water consumed and human nutritional value of the food produced. As such, it can rationalize the use of scarce water for a portfolio of crop and livestock production systems that jointly match human nutritional needs and reduce water scarcity impacts. However, a comprehensive search and review of 40 NWP studies highlighted that current NWP studies vary widely in terms of their methodological approaches, the data and tools used and the water flows and nutrient content accounted for. Most of the studies accounted for evapotranspiration stemming from precipitation and technical water, and/or inclusion of the withdrawn technical water. Water scarcity was only addressed in four studies. The reported NWP values also varied for accounting of macro- (energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates) and micro-nutrient (minerals and vitamins) content. The methodological differences, however, severely limit the informative value of reported NWP values. A multidisciplinary research effort is required to further develop standardized metrics for NWP, including its local environmental water scarcity impacts. A robust NWP analysis framework in agriculture should focus on the integration of assessments of NWP and water scarcity impact (WSI), and development of more field measurements and locally calibrated and validated agrohydrological and farm production models to quantify reliable NWP values and their associated WSI of agriculture production systems worldwide.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.edition.editionDecember-2 2023
dc.identifier.citationDrastig K, Singh R, Telesca FM, Carra SZ, Jordan J. (2023). A Review of Nutritional Water Productivity (NWP) in Agriculture: Why It Is Promoted and How It Is Assessed? †. Water (Switzerland). 15. 24.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/w15244278
dc.identifier.eissn2073-4441
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.number4278
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/70227
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherMDPI (Basel, Switzerland)
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/24/4278
dc.relation.isPartOfWater (Switzerland)
dc.rights(c) 2023 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectevapotranspiration
dc.subjectfood groups
dc.subjectmacronutrients
dc.subjectmicronutrients
dc.subjectnutrient water productivity
dc.subjectnutrition security
dc.subjecttechnical water
dc.subjectwater consumption
dc.subjectwater demand
dc.subjectwater withdrawal
dc.titleA Review of Nutritional Water Productivity (NWP) in Agriculture: Why It Is Promoted and How It Is Assessed?
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id485544
pubs.organisational-groupCollege of Health
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