An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing

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dc.citation.issue1
dc.citation.volume933
dc.contributor.authorSahu KC
dc.contributor.authorAnderson J
dc.contributor.authorCasertano S
dc.contributor.authorBond HE
dc.contributor.authorUdalski A
dc.contributor.authorDominik M
dc.contributor.authorCalamida A
dc.contributor.authorBellini A
dc.contributor.authorBrown TM
dc.contributor.authorRejkuba M
dc.contributor.authorBajaj V
dc.contributor.authorKains N
dc.contributor.authorFerguson HC
dc.contributor.authorFryer CL
dc.contributor.authorYock P
dc.contributor.authorMróz P
dc.contributor.authorKozłowski S
dc.contributor.authorPietrukowicz P
dc.contributor.authorPoleski R
dc.contributor.authorSkowron J
dc.contributor.authorSoszyński I
dc.contributor.authorSzymański MK
dc.contributor.authorUlaczyk K
dc.contributor.authorWyrzykowski Ł
dc.contributor.authorBarry RK
dc.contributor.authorBennett DP
dc.contributor.authorBond IA
dc.contributor.authorHirao Y
dc.contributor.authorSilva SI
dc.contributor.authorKondo I
dc.contributor.authorKoshimoto N
dc.contributor.authorRanc C
dc.contributor.authorRattenbury NJ
dc.contributor.authorSumi T
dc.contributor.authorSuzuki D
dc.contributor.authorTristram PJ
dc.contributor.authorVandorou A
dc.contributor.authorBeaulieu J-P
dc.contributor.authorMarquette J-B
dc.contributor.authorCole A
dc.contributor.authorFouqué P
dc.contributor.authorHill K
dc.contributor.authorDieters S
dc.contributor.authorCoutures C
dc.contributor.authorDominis-Prester D
dc.contributor.authorBennett C
dc.contributor.authorBachelet E
dc.contributor.authorMenzies J
dc.contributor.authorAlbrow M
dc.contributor.authorPollard K
dc.contributor.authorGould A
dc.contributor.authorYee JC
dc.contributor.authorAllen W
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida LA
dc.contributor.authorChristie G
dc.contributor.authorDrummond J
dc.contributor.authorGal-Yam A
dc.contributor.authorGorbikov E
dc.contributor.authorJablonski F
dc.contributor.authorLee C-U
dc.contributor.authorMaoz D
dc.contributor.authorManulis I
dc.contributor.authorMcCormick J
dc.contributor.authorNatusch T
dc.contributor.authorPogge RW
dc.contributor.authorShvartzvald Y
dc.contributor.authorJørgensen UG
dc.contributor.authorAlsubai KA
dc.contributor.authorAndersen MI
dc.contributor.authorBozza V
dc.contributor.authorNovati SC
dc.contributor.authorBurgdorf M
dc.contributor.authorHinse TC
dc.contributor.authorHundertmark M
dc.contributor.authorHusser T-O
dc.contributor.authorKerins E
dc.contributor.authorLonga-Peña P
dc.contributor.authorMancini L
dc.contributor.authorPenny M
dc.contributor.authorRahvar S
dc.contributor.authorRicci D
dc.contributor.authorSajadian S
dc.contributor.authorSkottfelt J
dc.contributor.authorSnodgrass C
dc.contributor.authorSouthworth J
dc.contributor.authorTregloan-Reed J
dc.contributor.authorWambsganss J
dc.contributor.authorWertz O
dc.contributor.authorTsapras Y
dc.contributor.authorStreet RA
dc.contributor.authorBramich DM
dc.contributor.authorHorne K
dc.contributor.authorSteele IA
dc.date.accessioned2023-11-07T19:24:08Z
dc.date.accessioned2023-11-07T22:21:56Z
dc.date.available2022-07-06
dc.date.available2023-11-07T19:24:08Z
dc.date.available2023-11-07T22:21:56Z
dc.date.issued2022-07-06
dc.description.abstractWe report the first unambiguous detection and mass measurement of an isolated stellar-mass black hole (BH). We used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to carry out precise astrometry of the source star of the long-duration (t E ≃ 270 days), high-magnification microlensing event MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 (hereafter designated as MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-462), in the direction of the Galactic bulge. HST imaging, conducted at eight epochs over an interval of 6 yr, reveals a clear relativistic astrometric deflection of the background star's apparent position. Ground-based photometry of MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-462 shows a parallactic signature of the effect of Earth's motion on the microlensing light curve. Combining the HST astrometry with the ground-based light curve and the derived parallax, we obtain a lens mass of 7.1 ± 1.3 M ⊙ and a distance of 1.58 ± 0.18 kpc. We show that the lens emits no detectable light, which, along with having a mass higher than is possible for a white dwarf or neutron star, confirms its BH nature. Our analysis also provides an absolute proper motion for the BH. The proper motion is offset from the mean motion of Galactic disk stars at similar distances by an amount corresponding to a transverse space velocity of �1/445 km s-1, suggesting that the BH received a "natal kick"from its supernova explosion. Previous mass determinations for stellar-mass BHs have come from radial velocity measurements of Galactic X-ray binaries and from gravitational radiation emitted by merging BHs in binary systems in external galaxies. Our mass measurement is the first for an isolated stellar-mass BH using any technique.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.identifier.citationSahu KC, Anderson J, Casertano S, Bond HE, Udalski A, Dominik M, Calamida A, Bellini A, Brown TM, Rejkuba M, Bajaj V, Kains N, Ferguson HC, Fryer CL, Yock P, Mróz P, Kozłowski S, Pietrukowicz P, Poleski R, Skowron J, Soszyński I, Szymański MK, Ulaczyk K, Wyrzykowski Ł, Barry RK, Bennett DP, Bond IA, Hirao Y, Silva SI, Kondo I, Koshimoto N, Ranc C, Rattenbury NJ, Sumi T, Suzuki D, Tristram PJ, Vandorou A, Beaulieu JP, Marquette JB, Cole A, Fouqué P, Hill K, Dieters S, Coutures C, Dominis-Prester D, Bennett C, Bachelet E, Menzies J, Albrow M, Pollard K, Gould A, Yee JC, Allen W, Almeida LA, Christie G, Drummond J, Gal-Yam A, Gorbikov E, Jablonski F, Lee CU, Maoz D, Manulis I, McCormick J, Natusch T, Pogge RW, Shvartzvald Y, Jørgensen UG, Alsubai KA, Andersen MI, Bozza V, Novati SC, Burgdorf M, Hinse TC, Hundertmark M, Husser TO, Kerins E, Longa-Peña P, Mancini L, Penny M, Rahvar S, Ricci D, Sajadian S, Skottfelt J, Snodgrass C, Southworth J, Tregloan-Reed J, Wambsganss J, Wertz O, Tsapras Y, Street RA, Bramich DM, Horne K, Steele IA. (2022). An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing. Astrophysical Journal. 933. 1.
dc.identifier.doi10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e
dc.identifier.eissn1538-4357
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn0004-637X
dc.identifier.number83
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/69085
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherIOP Publishing on behalf of the American Astronomical Society
dc.publisher.urihttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e
dc.relation.isPartOfAstrophysical Journal
dc.rights(c) 2022 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectBlack holes (162)
dc.subjectGravitational microlensing (672)
dc.titleAn Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id455190
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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