The Effects of Unfermented and Fermented Cow and Sheep Milk on the Gut Microbiota.

Rettedal EA; Altermann E; Roy NC; Dalziel JE

The Effects of Unfermented and Fermented Cow and Sheep Milk on the Gut Microbiota.

dc.citation.issue	MAR
dc.citation.volume	10
dc.contributor.author	Rettedal EA
dc.contributor.author	Altermann E
dc.contributor.author	Roy NC
dc.contributor.author	Dalziel JE
dc.contributor.editor	Mayo B
dc.coverage.spatial	Switzerland
dc.date.accessioned	2024-10-03T01:56:53Z
dc.date.available	2024-10-03T01:56:53Z
dc.date.issued	2019-03-06
dc.description.abstract	A variety of fermented foods have been linked to improved human health, but their impacts on the gut microbiome have not been well characterized. Dairy products are one of the most popular fermented foods and are commonly consumed worldwide. One area we currently lack data on is how the process of fermentation changes the gut microbiota upon digestion. What is even less well characterized are the possible differences between cow and other mammals' milks. Our aim was to compare the impact of unfermented skim milk and fermented skim milk products (milk/yogurt) originating from two species (cow/sheep) on the gut microbiome using a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a dairy-free diet supplemented with one of four treatment dairy drinks (cow milk, cow yogurt, sheep milk, sheep yogurt) for 2 weeks. The viable starter culture bacteria in the yogurts were depleted in this study to reduce their potential influence on gut bacterial communities. At the end of the study, cecal samples were collected and the bacterial community profiles determined via 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Fermentation status drove the composition of the bacterial communities to a greater extent than their animal origin. While overall community alpha diversity did not change among treatment groups, the abundance of a number of taxa differed. The cow milk supplemented treatment group was distinct, with a higher intragroup variability and a distinctive taxonomic composition. Collinsella aerofaciens was of particularly high abundance (9%) for this group. Taxa such as Firmicutes and Lactobacillus were found in higher abundance in communities of rats fed with milk, while Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Parabacteroides were higher in yogurt fed rats. Collinsella was also found to be of higher abundance in both milk (vs. yogurt) and cows (vs. sheep). This research provides new insight into the effects of unfermented vs. fermented milk (yogurt) and animal origin on gut microbial composition in a healthy host. A number of differences in taxonomic abundance between treatment groups were observed. Most were associated with the effects of fermentation, but others the origin species, or in the case of cow milk, unique to the treatment group. Future studies focusing on understanding microbial metabolism and interactions, should help unravel what drives these differences.
dc.description.confidential	false
dc.edition.edition	2019
dc.format.pagination	458-
dc.identifier.author-url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30930871
dc.identifier.citation	Rettedal EA, Altermann E, Roy NC, Dalziel JE. (2019). The Effects of Unfermented and Fermented Cow and Sheep Milk on the Gut Microbiota.. Front Microbiol. 10. MAR. (pp. 458-).
dc.identifier.doi	10.3389/fmicb.2019.00458
dc.identifier.eissn	1664-302X
dc.identifier.elements-type	journal-article
dc.identifier.issn	1664-302X
dc.identifier.number	ARTN 458
dc.identifier.uri	https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/71584
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
dc.publisher.uri	https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00458/full#h12
dc.relation.isPartOf	Front Microbiol
dc.rights	(c) 2019 The Author/s
dc.rights	CC BY 4.0
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject	cecal microbiota
dc.subject	cow
dc.subject	fermentation
dc.subject	gut microbiome
dc.subject	sheep
dc.title	The Effects of Unfermented and Fermented Cow and Sheep Milk on the Gut Microbiota.
dc.type	Journal article
pubs.elements-id	434473
pubs.organisational-group	Other