Characterization and management of human-wildlife conflicts in mid-hills outside protected areas of Gandaki province, Nepal

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dc.citation.issue11
dc.citation.volume16
dc.contributor.authorBaral K
dc.contributor.authorSharma HP
dc.contributor.authorRimal B
dc.contributor.authorThapa-Magar K
dc.contributor.authorBhattarai R
dc.contributor.authorKunwar RM
dc.contributor.authorAryal A
dc.contributor.authorJi W
dc.contributor.editorSharma LK
dc.coverage.spatialUnited States
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-15T01:56:35Z
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-25T06:43:05Z
dc.date.available2021-11-19
dc.date.available2023-12-15T01:56:35Z
dc.date.available2024-07-25T06:43:05Z
dc.date.issued2021-11-19
dc.description.abstractWith the intent to better management human wildlife conflict (HWC) and wildlife conservation in mid-hills outside protected areas of Gandaki province, Nepal, we analyzed the patterns and drivers of HWC. Using data collected from literature, government records and questionnaire survey, we investigated temporal, seasonal and spatial distribution of human casualties caused by wildlife attacks. We also appraised the perception of local people towards wildlife conservation. We have recorded 77 cases (69 human injuries and 8 mortalities) during the period of nine year between 2011 and 2019. The number of wildlife attacks increased over this period. Wildlife attacks were more frequent in winter with 50% (42) of attacks occurred between September and December. Common leopard (Panthera pardus) and Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus laniger) were the major species involved in these conflicts. Common leopard was the most feared species that causes highest number of human mortalities (87%, n = 67); the most severe type of HWC outcome. Forty-eight percent (n = 37) attacks were reported at human settlement areas followed by 27% attacks in agriculture land (n = 21) and 24% (n = 19) in forest. Generalized linear model analysis on spatial variables showed that the probability of human attacks increases with decreasing elevation (β = -0.0021, Z = -1.762, p = 0.078) and distance from the forest (β = -0.608, Z = -0.789, p = 0.429). We recommend to decrease habitat degradation / fragmentation, carry out habitat management program within forest to increase prey availability to decrease the wildlife invasion into human settlement area, and decrease dependency of people on forest resources by providing alternative livelihood opportunities. Simplified relief fund distribution mechanism at local level also helps alleviate the impact of HWC. The knowledge obtained by this study and management measures are important for better human-wildlife co-existence.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.format.paginatione0260307-
dc.identifier.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34797885
dc.identifier.citationBaral K, Sharma HP, Rimal B, Thapa-Magar K, Bhattarai R, Kunwar RM, Aryal A, Ji W. (2021). Characterization and management of human-wildlife conflicts in mid-hills outside protected areas of Gandaki province, Nepal.. PLoS One. 16. 11. (pp. e0260307-).
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0260307
dc.identifier.eissn1932-6203
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.numberARTN e0260307
dc.identifier.piiPONE-D-21-16754
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/70739
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherPLOS
dc.publisher.urihttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0260307
dc.relation.isPartOfPLoS One
dc.rights(c) 2021 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAgriculture
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectAnimals, Wild
dc.subjectEcosystem
dc.subjectForests
dc.subjectGovernment
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectNepal
dc.subjectProbability
dc.subjectSeasons
dc.subjectSurveys and Questionnaires
dc.titleCharacterization and management of human-wildlife conflicts in mid-hills outside protected areas of Gandaki province, Nepal
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id449845
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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