A higher-protein nut-based snack product suppresses glycaemia and decreases glycaemic response to co-ingested carbohydrate in an overweight prediabetic Asian Chinese cohort: the Tū Ora postprandial RCT
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Date
2021-04-23
Open Access Location
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society
Rights
(c) 2021 The Author/s
CC BY 4.0
CC BY 4.0
Abstract
Nut-based products may aid low-glycaemic dietary strategies that are important for diabetes prevention in populations at increased risk of dysglycaemia, such as Asian Chinese. This randomised cross-over trial assessed the postprandial glycaemic response (0-120 min) of a higher-protein nut-based (HP-NB) snack formulation, in bar format (1009 kJ, Nutrient Profiling Score, NPS, -2), when compared with an iso-energetic higher-carbohydrate (CHO) cereal-based bar (HC-CB, 985 kJ, NPS +3). It also assessed the ability to suppress glucose response to a typical CHO-rich food (white bread, WB), when co-ingested. Ten overweight prediabetic Chinese adults (mean, sd: age 47⋅9, 15⋅7 years; BMI 25⋅5, 1⋅6 kg/m2), with total body fat plus ectopic pancreas and liver fat quantified using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, received the five meal treatments in random order: HP-NB, HC-CB, HP-NB + WB (50 g available CHO), HC-CB + WB and WB only. Compared with HC-CB, HP-NB induced a significantly lower 30-120 min glucose response (P < 0⋅05), with an approximately 10-fold lower incremental area under the glucose curve (iAUC0-120; P < 0⋅001). HP-NB also attenuated glucose response by approximately 25 % when co-ingested with WB (P < 0⋅05). Half of the cohort had elevated pancreas and/or liver fat, with 13-21 % greater suppression of iAUC0-120 glucose in the low v. high organ fat subgroups across all five treatments. A nut-based snack product may be a healthier alternative to an energy equivalent cereal-based product with evidence of both a lower postprandial glycaemic response and modulation of CHO-induced hyperglycaemia even in high-risk, overweight, pre-diabetic adults.
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Keywords
AUC, area under the curve, BF, body fat, BMI, body mass index, CHO, carbohydrate, DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, Dried fruits, GI, glycaemic index, MRI, MRI, magnetic resonance imaging, MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Nuts, Postprandial glycaemia, Prediabetes, SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue, T2D, type 2 diabetes, VAS, visual analogue scales, VAT, visceral adipose tissue, WB, white bread, iAUC, incremental area under the curve, Adult, Blood Glucose, China, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Proteins, Edible Grain, Glucose, Glycemic Index, Humans, Insulin, Nuts, Overweight, Prediabetic State, Snacks
Citation
Lu LW, Silvestre MP, Sequeira IR, Plank LD, Foster M, Middleditch N, Acevedo-Fani A, Hollingsworth KG, Poppitt SD. (2021). A higher-protein nut-based snack product suppresses glycaemia and decreases glycaemic response to co-ingested carbohydrate in an overweight prediabetic Asian Chinese cohort: the Tū Ora postprandial RCT.. J Nutr Sci. 10. (pp. e30-).