Debilitating Musculoskeletal Disease in Two Free-Ranging Juvenile American Black Bears (Ursus americanus).

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dc.citation.issue14
dc.citation.volume14
dc.contributor.authorFahrenholz IC
dc.contributor.authorDennis MM
dc.contributor.authorMorandi F
dc.contributor.authorDittmer KE
dc.contributor.authorSheldon JD
dc.contributor.editorGottdenker N
dc.contributor.editorTinelli A
dc.coverage.spatialSwitzerland
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-09T03:18:58Z
dc.date.available2024-08-09T03:18:58Z
dc.date.issued2024-07-17
dc.description.abstractSevere musculoskeletal disease characterized by marked joint laxity was the cause of euthanasia in two wild juvenile American black bears (Ursus americanus) admitted to a rehabilitation facility in eastern Tennessee in 2023. Previously, almost all reported musculoskeletal diseases in this population were of traumatic etiology, even in malnourished yearlings. Case 1 was an orphaned 11-month-old male cub exhibiting disproportionate dwarfism, progressive immobility, and joint laxity. Necropsy findings suggested either chondrodysplasia or rickets, and imaging findings supported a skeletal dysplasia. Case 2 was a 14-month-old emaciated male yearling exhibiting joint laxity and immobility. Necropsy findings showed osteoporosis and serous atrophy of fat, and imaging findings were inconsistent with a skeletal dysplasia. Both cases were clinically inconsistent with rickets based on normal calcium, phosphorous, and parathyroid hormone concentrations; however, Case 1 had hypovitaminosis D (9 nmol/L) compared to healthy juvenile black bears. We hypothesize that Case 1 had a genetic chondrodysplasia while the osteoporosis of Case 2 was due to chronic malnutrition. The goal of this case report is to inform wildlife agencies and facilities to monitor for similar, non-trauma-related debilitating musculoskeletal disease in free-ranging bears and evaluate cases that allow us to further understand the disease processes involved.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.edition.edition2024
dc.format.pagination2088-
dc.identifier.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39061550
dc.identifier.citationFahrenholz IC, Dennis MM, Morandi F, Dittmer KE, Sheldon JD. (2024). Debilitating Musculoskeletal Disease in Two Free-Ranging Juvenile American Black Bears (Ursus americanus).. Animals (Basel). 14. 14. (pp. 2088-).
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ani14142088
dc.identifier.eissn2076-2615
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn2076-2615
dc.identifier.number2088
dc.identifier.piiani14142088
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/71252
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherMDPI (Basel, Switzerland)
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/14/2088
dc.relation.isPartOfAnimals (Basel)
dc.rights(c) 2024 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAmerican black bear
dc.subjectUrsus americanus
dc.subjectchondrodysplasia
dc.subjectepiphyseal dysplasia
dc.subjectjoint laxity
dc.subjectosteoporosis
dc.subjectvitamin D
dc.titleDebilitating Musculoskeletal Disease in Two Free-Ranging Juvenile American Black Bears (Ursus americanus).
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id490951
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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