Prevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project

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dc.citation.issue7
dc.citation.volume89
dc.contributor.authorDeblais L
dc.contributor.authorOjeda A
dc.contributor.authorBrhane M
dc.contributor.authorMummed B
dc.contributor.authorHassen KA
dc.contributor.authorAhmedo BU
dc.contributor.authorWeldesenbet YD
dc.contributor.authorAmin JK
dc.contributor.authorAhmed IA
dc.contributor.authorUsmane IA
dc.contributor.authorYusuf EA
dc.contributor.authorSeran AJ
dc.contributor.authorAbrahim FI
dc.contributor.authorGame HT
dc.contributor.authorMummed BA
dc.contributor.authorUsmail MM
dc.contributor.authorUmer KA
dc.contributor.authorDawid MM
dc.contributor.authorGebreyes W
dc.contributor.authorFrench N
dc.contributor.authorHassen JY
dc.contributor.authorRoba KT
dc.contributor.authorMohammed A
dc.contributor.authorYimer G
dc.contributor.authorSaleem C
dc.contributor.authorChen D
dc.contributor.authorSingh N
dc.contributor.authorManary MJ
dc.contributor.authorMcKune SL
dc.contributor.authorHavelaar AH
dc.contributor.authorRajashekara G
dc.contributor.editorElkins CA
dc.coverage.spatialUnited States
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-14T21:38:55Z
dc.date.available2024-05-14T21:38:55Z
dc.date.issued2023-07-26
dc.description.abstractIn our previous cross-sectional study, multiple species of Campylobacter were detected (88%) in stool samples from children (12 to 14 months of age) in rural eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed the temporal fecal carriage of Campylobacter in infants and identified putative reservoirs associated with these infections in infants from the same region. The prevalence and load of Campylobacter were determined using genus-specific real-time PCR. Stool samples from 106 infants (n = 1,073) were collected monthly from birth until 376 days of age (DOA). Human stool samples (mothers and siblings), livestock feces (cattle, chickens, goats, and sheep), and environmental samples (soil and drinking water) from the 106 households were collected twice per household (n = 1,644). Campylobacter was most prevalent in livestock feces (goats, 99%; sheep, 98%; cattle, 99%; chickens, 93%), followed by human stool samples (siblings, 91%; mothers, 83%; infants, 64%) and environmental samples (soil, 58%; drinking water, 43%). The prevalence of Campylobacter in infant stool samples significantly increased with age, from 30% at 27 DOA to 89% at 360 DOA (1% increase/day in the odds of being colonized) (P < 0.001). The Campylobacter load increased linearly (P < 0.001) with age from 2.95 logs at 25 DOA to 4.13 logs at 360 DOA. Within a household, the Campylobacter load in infant stool samples was positively correlated with the load in mother stool samples (r2 = 0.18) and soil collected inside the house (r2 = 0.36), which were in turn both correlated with Campylobacter loads in chicken and cattle feces (0.60 < r2 < 0.63) (P < 0.01). In conclusion, a high proportion of infants are infected with Campylobacter in eastern Ethiopia, and contact with the mother and contaminated soil may be associated with early infections. IMPORTANCE A high Campylobacter prevalence during early childhood has been associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and stunting, especially in low-resource settings. Our previous study demonstrated that Campylobacter was frequently found (88%) in children from eastern Ethiopia; however, little is known about potential Campylobacter reservoirs and transmission pathways leading to infection of infants by Campylobacter during early growth. In the longitudinal study presented here, Campylobacter was frequently detected in infants within the 106 surveyed households from eastern Ethiopia, and the prevalence was age dependent. Furthermore, preliminary analyses highlighted the potential role of the mother, soil, and livestock in the transmission of Campylobacter to the infant. Further work will explore the species and genetic composition of Campylobacter in infants and putative reservoirs using PCR and whole-genome and metagenomic sequencing. The findings from these studies can lead to the development of interventions to minimize the risk of transmission of Campylobacter to infants and, potentially, EED and stunting.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.edition.editionJuly 2023
dc.format.paginatione0042423-
dc.identifier.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37310259
dc.identifier.citationDeblais L, Ojeda A, Brhane M, Mummed B, Hassen KA, Ahmedo BU, Weldesenbet YD, Amin JK, Ahmed IA, Usmane IA, Yusuf EA, Seran AJ, Abrahim FI, Game HT, Mummed BA, Usmail MM, Umer KA, Dawid MM, Gebreyes W, French N, Hassen JY, Roba KT, Mohammed A, Yimer G, Saleem C, Chen D, Singh N, Manary MJ, McKune SL, Havelaar AH, Rajashekara G. (2023). Prevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project.. Appl Environ Microbiol. 89. 7. (pp. e0042423-).
dc.identifier.doi10.1128/aem.00424-23
dc.identifier.eissn1098-5336
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn0099-2240
dc.identifier.numbere0042423
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/69558
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherAmerican Society for Microbiology
dc.publisher.urihttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aem.00424-23
dc.relation.isPartOfAppl Environ Microbiol
dc.rights(c) 2023 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCampylobacter
dc.subjecteastern Ethiopia
dc.subjecthuman stool
dc.subjectlivestock feces
dc.subjectlongitudinal study
dc.subjectreal-time PCR
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectCampylobacter
dc.subjectFeces
dc.subjectLivestock
dc.subjectEthiopia
dc.subjectInfant, Newborn
dc.subjectInfant
dc.subjectPrevalence
dc.subjectCampylobacter Infections
dc.subjectLongitudinal Studies
dc.subjectRural Population
dc.subjectEnvironmental Microbiology
dc.subjectBacterial Load
dc.titlePrevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id462185
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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