Effects of Whey Protein on Skeletal Muscle Microvascular and Mitochondrial Plasticity Following 10-Weeks of Exercise Training in Men with Type-2 Diabetes

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dc.citation.issue8
dc.citation.volume46
dc.contributor.authorGaffney K
dc.contributor.authorLucero A
dc.contributor.authorMacartney-Coxson D
dc.contributor.authorClapham J
dc.contributor.authorWhitfield P
dc.contributor.authorPalmer BR
dc.contributor.authorWakefield S
dc.contributor.authorFaulkner J
dc.contributor.authorStoner L
dc.contributor.authorRowlands DS
dc.coverage.spatialCanada
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-27T19:57:18Z
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-04T01:40:54Z
dc.date.available2021-02-16
dc.date.available2023-07-27T19:57:18Z
dc.date.available2023-09-04T01:40:54Z
dc.date.issued2021-08
dc.date.updated2023-07-24T23:14:20Z
dc.descriptionCopyright remains with the author(s) or their institution(s).en
dc.description.abstractAbstract Skeletal muscle microvascular dysfunction and mitochondrial rarefaction feature in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) linked to low tissue glucose disposal rate (GDR). Exercise training and milk protein supplementation independently promote microvascular and metabolic plasticity in muscle associated with improved nutrient delivery, but combined effects are unknown. In a randomised-controlled trial, 24 men (55.6 y, SD 5.7) with T2DM ingested whey protein drinks (protein/carbohydrate/fat: 20/10/3 g; WHEY) or placebo (carbohydrate/fat: 30/3 g; CON) before/after 45 mixed-mode intense exercise sessions over 10 weeks, to study effects on insulin-stimulated (hyperinsulinemic clamp) skeletal-muscle microvascular blood flow (mBF) and perfusion (near-infrared spectroscopy), and histological, genetic, and biochemical markers (biopsy) of microvascular and mitochondrial plasticity. WHEY enhanced insulin-stimulated perfusion (WHEY-CON 5.6%; 90% CI −0.1, 11.3), while mBF was not altered (3.5%; −17.5, 24.5); perfusion, but not mBF, associated (regression) with increased GDR. Exercise training increased mitochondrial (range of means: 40%–90%) and lipid density (20%–30%), enzyme activity (20%–70%), capillary:fibre ratio (∼25%), and lowered systolic (∼4%) and diastolic (4%–5%) blood pressure, but without WHEY effects. WHEY dampened PGC1α −2.9% (90% compatibility interval: −5.7, −0.2) and NOS3 −6.4% (−1.4, −0.2) expression, but other messenger RNA (mRNA) were unclear. Skeletal muscle microvascular and mitochondrial exercise adaptations were not accentuated by whey protein ingestion in men with T2DM. ANZCTR Registration Number: ACTRN12614001197628. Novelty: • Chronic whey ingestion in T2DM with exercise altered expression of several mitochondrial and angiogenic mRNA. • Whey added no additional benefit to muscle microvascular or mitochondrial adaptations to exercise. • Insulin-stimulated perfusion increased with whey but was without impact on glucose disposal. Résumé Le dysfonctionnement microvasculaire du muscle squelettique et la raréfaction mitochondriale caractérisant le diabète de type 2 (« T2DM ») sont liés à un faible taux d’élimination du glucose tissulaire (« GDR »). L’entraînement physique et la supplémentation en protéines du lait favorisent indépendamment la plasticité microvasculaire et métabolique dans le muscle; cette plasticité est associée à une amélioration de l’apport de nutriments, mais les effets combinés sont inconnus. Dans un essai contrôlé randomisé, 24 hommes (55,6 ans, SD 5,7) aux prises avec le T2DM consomment des boissons protéinées de lactosérum (protéines / glucides / lipides: 20/10/3 g; « WHEY ») ou un placebo (glucides / lipides: 30/3 g; « CON ») avant / après 45 séances d’exercice intense en mode mixte sur 10 semaines, et ce, pour examiner les effets sur le flux sanguin microvasculaire (« mBF ») et la perfusion (spectroscopie proche infrarouge) stimulés par l’insuline (clamp hyperinsulinémique), des variables histologiques, génétiques et des marqueurs biochimiques (biopsie) de la plasticité microvasculaire et mitochondriale. WHEY améliore la perfusion stimulée par l’insuline (WHEY-CON 5,6 %; IC 90 % −0,1, 11,3), tandis que le mBF n’est pas modifié (3,5 %; −17,5, 24,5); la perfusion, mais pas le mBF, est associée (régression) à une augmentation du GDR. L’entraînement à l’exercice augmente la densité mitochondriale (gamme de moyennes: 40-90 %) et lipidique (20−30 %), l’activité enzymatique (20−70 %), le ratio capillaire: fibre (∼25 %) et diminue les pressions systolique (∼4 %) et diastolique (4−5 %), mais sans effets de WHEY. WHEY amortit l’expression de PGC1α −2,9 % (intervalle de compatibilité de 90 % : −5,7, −0,2) et NOS3 −6,4 % (−1,4, −0,2), mais les autres ARN messager (ARNm) ne sont pas clairs. Les adaptations microvasculaires et mitochondriales des muscles squelettiques causées par l’entraînement physique ne sont pas accentuées par la consommation de protéines de lactosérum chez les hommes aux prises avec le T2DM. Numéro d’enregistrement ANXCTR : ACTRN12614001197628. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Les nouveautés: • La consommation prolongée de lactosérum en présence de T2DM combinée à l’entraînement physique modifie l’expression de plusieurs ARNm mitochondriaux et angiogéniques. • Le lactosérum n’ajoute aucun avantage supplémentaire aux adaptations microvasculaires ou mitochondriales musculaires à l’exercice physique. • La perfusion stimulée par l’insuline augmente avec le lactosérum mais n’a pas d’impact sur l’élimination du glucose.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.description.notesGaffney, Kim Lucero, Adam Macartney-Coxson, Donia Clapham, Jane Whitfield, Patricia Palmer, Barry Wakefield, StJohn Faulkner, James Stoner, Lee Rowlands, David Stephen eng Canada Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2021 Feb 16. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0943. Skeletal muscle microvascular dysfunction and mitochondrial rarefaction feature in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) linked to low tissue glucose disposal rate (GDR). Exercise training and milk protein supplementation independently promote microvascular and metabolic plasticity in muscle associated with improved nutrient delivery, but combined effects are unknown. In a randomised-controlled trial, 24 men (55.6 y, SD5.7) with T2DM ingested whey protein drinks (protein/carbohydrate/fat: 20/10/3 g; WHEY) or placebo (carbohydrate/fat: 30/3 g; CON) before/after 45 mixed-mode intense exercise sessions over 10 weeks, to study effects on insulin-stimulated (hyperinsulinemic clamp) skeletal-muscle microvascular blood flow (mBF) and perfusion (near-infrared spectroscopy), and histological, genetic, and biochemical markers (biopsy) of microvascular and mitochondrial plasticity. WHEY enhanced insulin-stimulated perfusion (WHEY-CON 5.6%; 90%CI -0.1, 11.3), while mBF was not altered (3.5%; -17.5, 24.5); perfusion, but not mBF, associated (regression) with increased GDR. Exercise training increased mitochondrial (range of means: 40-90%) and lipid density (20-30%), enzyme activity (20-70%), capillary:fiber ratio (~25%), and lowered systolic (~4%) and diastolic (4-5%) blood pressure, but without WHEY effects. WHEY dampened PGC1alpha -2.9% (90%CI -5.7, -0.2) and NOS3 -6.4% (-1.4, -0.2) expression, but other mRNA were unclear. Skeletal muscle microvascular and mitochondrial exercise adaptations were not accentuated by whey protein ingestion in men with T2DM. Clinical Trial Registration Number: ACTRN12614001197628 Novelty Bullets: * Chronic whey ingestion in T2DM with exercise altered expression of several mitochondrial and angiogenic mRNA. * Whey added no additional benefit to muscle microvascular or mitochondrial adaptations to exercise. * Insulin-stimulated perfusion increased with whey but was without impact on glucose disposal.
dc.edition.editionAugust 2021
dc.format.extent915-924
dc.identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33591858
dc.identifier.citationGaffney K, Lucero A, Macartney-Coxson D, Clapham J, Whitfield P, Palmer BR, Wakefield S, Faulkner J, Stoner L, Rowlands DS. (2021). Effects of whey protein on skeletal muscle microvascular and mitochondrial plasticity following 10 weeks of exercise training in men with type 2 diabetes.. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 46. 8. (pp. 915-924).
dc.identifier.doi10.1139/apnm-2020-0943
dc.identifier.eissn1715-5320
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.harvestedMassey_Dark
dc.identifier.issn1715-5312
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10179/19894
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherCanadian Science Publishing
dc.publisher.urihttps://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/apnm-2020-0943
dc.relation.isPartOfAppl Physiol Nutr Metab
dc.rights(c) The author/s CC BYen
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectangiogenesis
dc.subjectangiogenèse
dc.subjectexercice intense
dc.subjectinsulin resistance
dc.subjectintense exercise
dc.subjectnear-infrared spectroscopy
dc.subjectrésistance à l’insuline
dc.subjectspectroscopie proche infrarouge
dc.subjectAdaptation, Physiological
dc.subjectAdult
dc.subjectAged
dc.subjectBeverages
dc.subjectDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2
dc.subjectDietary Supplements
dc.subjectExercise
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectMicrocirculation
dc.subjectMiddle Aged
dc.subjectMitochondria
dc.subjectMuscle, Skeletal
dc.subjectWhey Proteins
dc.titleEffects of Whey Protein on Skeletal Muscle Microvascular and Mitochondrial Plasticity Following 10-Weeks of Exercise Training in Men with Type-2 Diabetes
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id440530
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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