Absence of Cryptosporidium hominis and dominance of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in patients after Covid-19 restrictions in Auckland, New Zealand

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dc.citation.issue11
dc.citation.volume148
dc.contributor.authorKnox MA
dc.contributor.authorGarcia-R JC
dc.contributor.authorOgbuigwe P
dc.contributor.authorPita A
dc.contributor.authorVelathanthiri N
dc.contributor.authorHayman DTS
dc.coverage.spatialEngland
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-25T01:00:36Z
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-25T06:48:56Z
dc.date.available2021-06-14
dc.date.available2024-01-25T01:00:36Z
dc.date.available2024-07-25T06:48:56Z
dc.date.issued2021-09
dc.description.abstractCoronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) nonpharmaceutical interventions have proven effective control measures for a range of respiratory illnesses throughout the world. These measures, which include isolation, stringent border controls, physical distancing and improved hygiene also have effects on other human pathogens, including parasitic enteric diseases such as cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidium infections in humans are almost entirely caused by two species: C. hominis, which is primarily transmitted from human to human, and Cryptosporidium parvum, which is mainly zoonotic. By monitoring Cryptosporidium species and subtype families in human cases of cryptosporidiosis before and after the introduction of Covid-19 control measures in New Zealand, we found C. hominis was completely absent after the first months of 2020 and has remained so until the beginning of 2021. Nevertheless, C. parvum has followed its typical transmission pattern and continues to be widely reported. We conclude that ~7 weeks of isolation during level 3 and 4 lockdown period interrupted the human to human transmission of C. hominis leaving only the primarily zoonotic transmission pathway used by C. parvum. Secondary anthroponotic transmission of C. parvum remains possible among close contacts of zoonotic cases. Ongoing 14-day quarantine measures for new arrivals to New Zealand have likely suppressed new incursions of C. hominis from overseas. Our findings suggest that C. hominis may be controlled or even eradicated through nonpharmaceutical interventions.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.edition.editionSeptember 2021
dc.format.pagination1288-1292
dc.identifier.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34120663
dc.identifier.citationKnox MA, Garcia-R JC, Ogbuigwe P, Pita A, Velathanthiri N, Hayman DTS. (2021). Absence of Cryptosporidium hominis and dominance of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in patients after Covid-19 restrictions in Auckland, New Zealand.. Parasitology. 148. 11. (pp. 1288-1292).
dc.identifier.doi10.1017/S0031182021000974
dc.identifier.eissn1469-8161
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn0031-1820
dc.identifier.piiS0031182021000974
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/70944
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherCambridge University Press
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/absence-of-cryptosporidium-hominis-and-dominance-of-zoonotic-cryptosporidium-species-in-patients-after-covid19-restrictions-in-auckland-new-zealand/F0920302966469CA10C181F3C84ABA0B
dc.relation.isPartOfParasitology
dc.rights(c) 2021 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCovid-19
dc.subjectCryptosporidium
dc.subjectNew Zealand
dc.subjectnonpharmaceutical intervention
dc.subjectpublic health
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectCryptosporidiosis
dc.subjectCryptosporidium
dc.subjectFeces
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectNew Zealand
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2
dc.subjectZoonoses
dc.titleAbsence of Cryptosporidium hominis and dominance of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in patients after Covid-19 restrictions in Auckland, New Zealand
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id446240
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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