Browsing by Author "Palevich N"

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    Aristaeella hokkaidonensis gen. nov. sp. nov. and Aristaeella lactis sp. nov., two rumen bacterial species of a novel proposed family, Aristaeellaceae fam. nov.
    (Microbiology Society, 2023-05-12) Mahoney-Kurpe SC; Palevich N; Noel SJ; Gagic D; Biggs PJ; Soni P; Reid PM; Koike S; Kobayashi Y; Janssen PH; Attwood GT; Moon CD
    Two strains of Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, from an abundant but uncharacterized rumen bacterial group of the order 'Christensenellales', were phylogenetically and phenotypically characterized. These strains, designated R-7T and WTE2008T, shared 98.6-99.0 % sequence identity between their 16S rRNA gene sequences. R-7T and WTE2008T clustered together on a distinct branch from other Christensenellaceae strains and had <88.1 % sequence identity to the closest type-strain sequence from Luoshenia tenuis NSJ-44T. The genome sequences of R-7T and WTE2008T had 83.6 % average nucleotide identity to each other, and taxonomic assignment using the Genome Taxonomy Database indicates these are separate species within a novel family of the order 'Christensenellales'. Cells of R-7T and WTE2008T lacked any obvious appendages and their cell wall ultra-structures were characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria. The five most abundant cellular fatty acids of both strains were C16 : 0, C16 : 0 iso, C17 : 0 anteiso, C18 : 0 and C15 : 0 anteiso. The strains used a wide range of the 23 soluble carbon sources tested, and grew best on cellobiose, but not on sugar-alcohols. Xylan and pectin were fermented by both strains, but not cellulose. Acetate, hydrogen, ethanol and lactate were the major fermentation end products. R-7T produced considerably more hydrogen than WTE2008T, which produced more lactate. Based on these analyses, Aristaeellaceae fam. nov. and Aristaeella gen. nov., with type species Aristaeella hokkaidonensis sp. nov., are proposed. Strains R-7T (=DSM 112795T=JCM 34733T) and WTE2008T (=DSM 112788T=JCM 34734T) are the proposed type strains for Aristaeella hokkaidonensis sp. nov. and Aristaeella lactis sp. nov., respectively.
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    Complete genome sequence of Methanosphaera sp. ISO3-F5, a rumen methylotrophic methanogen.
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2024-04-11) Palevich N; Jeyanathan J; Reilly K; Palevich FP; Maclean PH; Li D; Altermann E; Kelly WJ; Leahy SC; Attwood GT; Ronimus RS; Henderson G; Janssen PH; Stedman KM
    Methanosphaera spp. are methylotrophic methanogenic archaea and members of the order Methanobacteriales with few cultured representatives. Methanosphaera sp. ISO3-F5 was isolated from sheep rumen contents in New Zealand. Here, we report its complete genome, consisting of a large chromosome and a megaplasmid (GenBank accession numbers CP118753 and CP118754, respectively).
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    Complete Genome Sequence of the Polysaccharide-Degrading Rumen Bacterium Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans MA3014 Reveals an Incomplete Glycolytic Pathway
    (Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2020-08-08) Palevich N; Maclean PH; Kelly WJ; Leahy SC; Rakonjac J; Attwood GT
    Bacterial species belonging to the genus Pseudobutyrivibrio are important members of the rumen microbiome contributing to the degradation of complex plant polysaccharides. Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans MA3014 was selected for genome sequencing to examine its ability to breakdown and utilize plant polysaccharides. The complete genome sequence of MA3014 is 3.58 Mb, consists of three replicons (a chromosome, chromid, and plasmid), has an overall G + C content of 39.6%, and encodes 3,265 putative protein-coding genes (CDS). Comparative pan-genomic analysis of all cultivated and currently available P. xylanivorans genomes has revealed a strong correlation of orthologous genes within this rumen bacterial species. MA3014 is metabolically versatile and capable of growing on a range of simple mono- or oligosaccharides derived from complex plant polysaccharides such as pectins, mannans, starch, and hemicelluloses, with lactate, butyrate, and formate as the principal fermentation end products. The genes encoding these metabolic pathways have been identified and MA3014 is predicted to encode an extensive range of Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes with 78 glycoside hydrolases, 13 carbohydrate esterases, and 54 glycosyl transferases, suggesting an important role in solubilization of plant matter in the rumen.
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    Complete Genome Sequences of Three Clostridiales R-7 Group Strains Isolated from the Bovine Rumen in New Zealand
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2021-07-01) Mahoney-Kurpe SC; Palevich N; Noel SJ; Kumar S; Gagic D; Biggs PJ; Janssen PH; Attwood GT; Moon CD; Putonti C
    Members of the Clostridiales R-7 group are abundant bacterial residents of the rumen microbiome; however, they are poorly characterized. We report the complete genome sequences of three members of the R-7 group, FE2010, FE2011, and XBB3002, isolated from the ruminal contents of pasture-grazed dairy cows in New Zealand.
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    Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium bowmanii DSM 14206T, Isolated from an Antarctic Microbial Mat.
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2022-01-20) Palevich FP; Palevich N; Maclean PH; Altermann E; Mills J; Brightwell G; Gill SR
    Clostridium bowmanii type strain DSM 14206 (ATCC BAA-581) was isolated from a microbial mat sample retrieved from Lake Fryxell, Antarctica. This report describes the generation and annotation of the 4.9-Mb draft genome sequence of C. bowmanii DSM 14206T.
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    Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium estertheticum subsp. laramiense DSM 14864T, Isolated from Spoiled Uncooked Beef.
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2019-11-21) Palevich N; Palevich FP; Maclean PH; Jauregui R; Altermann E; Mills J; Brightwell G; Newton ILG
    Clostridium estertheticum subsp. laramiense type strain DSM 14864 (ATCC 51254) was isolated from vacuum-packaged refrigerated spoiled beef. This report describes the generation and annotation of the 5.0-Mb draft genome sequence of C. estertheticum subsp. laramiense DSM 14864T.
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    Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium estertheticum-Like Strain FP3, Isolated from Spoiled Uncooked Lamb.
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2020-05-14) Palevich N; Palevich FP; Maclean PH; Jauregui R; Altermann E; Mills J; Brightwell G; Gill SR
    Clostridium estertheticum-like strain FP3 was isolated from vacuum-packaged refrigerated spoiled lamb. This bacterium is psychrotrophic, Gram positive, spore-forming, and a strict anaerobe. Here, we report the generation and annotation of the 5.6-Mb draft genome sequence of C. estertheticum-like strain FP3.
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    Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium estertheticum-like Strain FP4, Isolated from Spoiled Uncooked Lamb.
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2020-05-07) Palevich N; Palevich FP; Maclean PH; Jauregui R; Altermann E; Mills J; Brightwell G; Rasco D
    In order to improve the phylogenetic resolution of the genus Clostridium and our limited knowledge of meat spoilage caused by Clostridium estertheticum, the genome of C. estertheticum-like strain FP4 was sequenced. Here, we describe the 4.1-Mb draft genome sequence of C. estertheticum-like strain FP4, isolated from vacuum-packaged refrigerated spoiled lamb.
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    Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium sp. Strain FP1, with Similarity to Clostridium tagluense, Isolated from Spoiled Lamb.
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2020-04-30) Palevich N; Palevich FP; Maclean PH; Jauregui R; Altermann E; Mills J; Brightwell G; Hotopp JCD
    Clostridium sp. strain FP1 was isolated from vacuum-packaged refrigerated spoiled lamb, and this article describes its 5.4-Mb draft genome sequence. The FP1 genome was sequenced to facilitate source tracking and attribution studies, adding to our understanding of the role of Clostridium species in premature spoilage of red meats.
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    Draft Genome Sequence of Psychrotolerant Clostridium sp. Strain M14, Isolated from Spoiled Uncooked Venison.
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2020-04-16) Palevich N; Palevich FP; Maclean PH; Jauregui R; Altermann E; Mills J; Brightwell G; Hotopp JCD
    Clostridium sp. strain M14 was isolated from vacuum-packaged refrigerated spoiled venison, and this report describes the generation and annotation of its 3.9-Mb draft genome sequence.
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    Occurrence of genes encoding spore germination in Clostridium species that cause meat spoilage.
    (2022-02) Burgess SA; Palevich FP; Gardner A; Mills J; Brightwell G; Palevich N
    Members of the genus Clostridium are frequently associated with meat spoilage. The ability for low numbers of spores of certain Clostridium species to germinate in cold-stored vacuum-packed meat can result in blown pack spoilage. However, little is known about the germination process of these clostridia, despite this characteristic being important for their ability to cause spoilage. This study sought to determine the genomic conditions for germination of 37 representative Clostridium strains from seven species (C. estertheticum, C. tagluense, C. frigoris, C. gasigenes, C. putrefaciens, C. aligidicarnis and C. frigdicarnis) by comparison with previously characterized germination genes from C. perfringens, C. sporogenes and C. botulinum. All the genomes analysed contained at least one gerX operon. Seven different gerX operon configuration types were identified across genomes from C. estertheticum, C. tagluense and C. gasigenes. Differences arose between the C. gasigenes genomes and those belonging to C. tagluense/C. estertheticum in the number and type of genes coding for cortex lytic enzymes, suggesting the germination pathway of C. gasigenes is different. However, the core components of the germination pathway were conserved in all the Clostridium genomes analysed, suggesting that these species undergo the same major steps as Bacillus subtilis for germination to occur.
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    Transcriptomic and proteomic changes associated with cobalamin-dependent propionate production by the rumen bacterium Xylanibacter ruminicola.
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2024-10-29) Mahoney-Kurpe SC; Palevich N; Gagic D; Biggs PJ; Reid PM; Altshuler I; Pope PB; Attwood GT; Moon CD
    Xylanibacter ruminicola is an abundant rumen bacterium that produces propionate in a cobalamin (vitamin B12)-dependent manner via the succinate pathway. However, the extent to which this occurs across ruminal Xylanibacter and closely related bacteria, and the effect of cobalamin supplementation on the expression of propionate pathway genes and enzymes has yet to be investigated. To assess this, we screened 14 strains and found that almost all strains produced propionate when supplemented with cobalamin. X. ruminicola KHP1 was selected for further study, including complete genome sequencing, and comparative transcriptomics and proteomics of KHP1 cultures grown with and without supplemented cobalamin. The complete KHP1 genome was searched for cobalamin-binding riboswitches and four were predicted, though none were closely located to any of the succinate pathway genes, which were dispersed at numerous genomic loci. Cobalamin supplementation led to the differential expression of 17.5% of genes, including genes encoding the cobalamin-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and some methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase subunits, but most propionate biosynthesis pathway genes were not differentially expressed. The effect of cobalamin supplementation on the KHP1 proteome was much less pronounced, with the only differentially abundant propionate pathway enzyme being methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which had greater abundance when supplemented with cobalamin. Our results demonstrate that cobalamin supplementation does not result in induction of the entire propionate biosynthesis pathway, but consistently increased expression of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase at transcriptome and proteome levels. The magnitude of the differential expression of propionate pathway genes observed was minor compared to that of genes proximate to predicted cobalamin riboswitches. IMPORTANCE In ruminants, the rumen microbial community plays a critical role in nutrition through the fermentation of feed to provide vital energy substrates for the host animal. Propionate is a major rumen fermentation end-product and increasing its production is desirable given its importance in host glucose production and impact on greenhouse gas production. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) can induce propionate production in the prominent rumen bacterium Xylanibacter ruminicola, but it is not fully understood how cobalamin regulates propionate pathway activity. Contrary to expectation, we found that cobalamin supplementation had little effect on propionate pathway expression at transcriptome and proteome levels, with minor upregulation of genes encoding the cobalamin-dependent enzyme of the pathway. These findings provide new insights into factors that regulate propionate production and suggest that cobalamin-dependent propionate production by X. ruminicola is controlled post-translationally.
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    Whole-Genome Sequencing of Clostridium sp. Strain FP2, Isolated from Spoiled Venison.
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2020-04-30) Palevich N; Palevich FP; Maclean PH; Jauregui R; Altermann E; Mills J; Brightwell G; Cuomo CA
    Clostridium sp. strain FP2 was isolated from vacuum-packaged refrigerated spoiled venison in New Zealand. This report describes the generation and annotation of the 5.6-Mb draft genome sequence of Clostridium sp. FP2, which will facilitate future functional genomic studies to improve our understanding of premature spoilage of red meats.