Massey Research Online - Browsing by Author "Liu Y"

Browsing by Author "Liu Y"

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A label noise filtering and label missing supplement framework based on game theory
(Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co Ltd for the Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2023-08-31) Liu Y; Yao R; Jia S; Wang F; Wang R; Ma R; Qi L
Labeled data is widely used in various classification tasks. However, there is a huge challenge that labels are often added artificially. Wrong labels added by malicious users will affect the training effect of the model. The unreliability of labeled data has hindered the research. In order to solve the above problems, we propose a framework of Label Noise Filtering and Missing Label Supplement (LNFS). And we take location labels in Location-Based Social Networks (LBSN) as an example to implement our framework. For the problem of label noise filtering, we first use FastText to transform the restaurant's labels into vectors, and then based on the assumption that the label most similar to all other labels in the location is most representative. We use cosine similarity to judge and select the most representative label. For the problem of label missing, we use simple common word similarity to judge the similarity of users' comments, and then use the label of the similar restaurant to supplement the missing labels. To optimize the performance of the model, we introduce game theory into our model to simulate the game between the malicious users and the model to improve the reliability of the model. Finally, a case study is given to illustrate the effectiveness and reliability of LNFS.
An Evaluation of Different Digestion Methods for the Quantitation of Inorganic Elements in Human Hair Using ICP-MS.
(John Wiley and Sons, 2022-12-01) Liu Y; Yang Y; Xia Y-Y; de Seymour JV; Zhao D-Z; Li Y-M; Zhang H; Han T-L; Kowalski R
The inorganic elements have unique properties in biochemical processes in humans. An increasing number of pathologies have been associated with essential element ions, such as lead, mercury, and cadmium. Hair has become an attractive clinical specimen for studying the longitudinal exposure to elements from the external environment. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) coupled with nitric acid (HNO3) digestion is the most common approach for determining inorganic elements from human hair. This study aims to optimize the digestion method for the absolute quantitation of 52 elements using ICP-MS, for a large cohort study in human hair. Five different HNO3 (65%) digestion methods were investigated and evaluated for their internal standard solution stability, reproducibility, element coverage, and standard solution recovery efficiency, namely, room temperature for 24 h (RT), 90°C for 4 h (T90), ultrasonic-assisted digestion (UltraS), programmed digestion of microwave digestion (MicroD), and ordinary microwave oven digestion (O-MicroD). Our results demonstrated that O-MicroD, MicroD, and RT were the best performing digestion methods for coefficient of variation (CV) scores, coverage, and recovery efficiency, respectively. In particular, the O-MicroD method detected multiple elements in a small quantity of hair (3 mg), with minimum nitric acid usage (200 μl) and a short digestion time (30 min). The O-MicroD method had excellent reproducibility, as demonstrated by a continuous thousand injections of hair samples with three internal standards (CV: 103Rh = 3.59%, 115In = 3.61%, and 209Bi = 6.31%). Future studies of the elemental content of hair should carefully select their digestion method to meet the primary purpose of their study.
Author Correction: Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics.
(2021-04) Feng S; Stiller J; Deng Y; Armstrong J; Fang Q; Reeve AH; Xie D; Chen G; Guo C; Faircloth BC; Petersen B; Wang Z; Zhou Q; Diekhans M; Chen W; Andreu-Sánchez S; Margaryan A; Howard JT; Parent C; Pacheco G; Sinding M-HS; Puetz L; Cavill E; Ribeiro ÂM; Eckhart L; Fjeldså J; Hosner PA; Brumfield RT; Christidis L; Bertelsen MF; Sicheritz-Ponten T; Tietze DT; Robertson BC; Song G; Borgia G; Claramunt S; Lovette IJ; Cowen SJ; Njoroge P; Dumbacher JP; Ryder OA; Fuchs J; Bunce M; Burt DW; Cracraft J; Meng G; Hackett SJ; Ryan PG; Jønsson KA; Jamieson IG; da Fonseca RR; Braun EL; Houde P; Mirarab S; Suh A; Hansson B; Ponnikas S; Sigeman H; Stervander M; Frandsen PB; van der Zwan H; van der Sluis R; Visser C; Balakrishnan CN; Clark AG; Fitzpatrick JW; Bowman R; Chen N; Cloutier A; Sackton TB; Edwards SV; Foote DJ; Shakya SB; Sheldon FH; Vignal A; Soares AER; Shapiro B; González-Solís J; Ferrer-Obiol J; Rozas J; Riutort M; Tigano A; Friesen V; Dalén L; Urrutia AO; Székely T; Liu Y; Campana MG; Corvelo A; Fleischer RC; Rutherford KM; Gemmell NJ; Dussex N; Mouritsen H; Thiele N; Delmore K; Liedvogel M; Franke A; Hoeppner MP; Krone O; Fudickar AM; Milá B; Ketterson ED; Fidler AE; Friis G; Parody-Merino ÁM; Battley PF; Cox MP; Lima NCB; Prosdocimi F; Parchman TL; Schlinger BA; Loiselle BA; Blake JG; Lim HC; Day LB; Fuxjager MJ; Baldwin MW; Braun MJ; Wirthlin M; Dikow RB; Ryder TB; Camenisch G; Keller LF; DaCosta JM; Hauber ME; Louder MIM; Witt CC; McGuire JA; Mudge J; Megna LC; Carling MD; Wang B; Taylor SA; Del-Rio G; Aleixo A; Vasconcelos ATR; Mello CV; Weir JT; Haussler D; Li Q; Yang H; Wang J; Lei F; Rahbek C; Gilbert MTP; Graves GR; Jarvis ED; Paten B; Zhang G
In Supplementary Table 1 of this Article, 23 samples (B10K-DU-029-32, B10K-DU-029-33, B10K-DU-029-36 to B10K-DU-029-44, B10K-DU- 029-46, B10K-DU-029-47, B10K-DU-029-49 to B10K-DU-029-53, B10K-DU- 029-75 to B10K-DU-029-77, B10K-DU-029-80, and B10K-DU-030-03; styled in boldface in the revised table) were assigned to the incorrect institution. Supplementary Table 1 has been amended to reflect the correct source institution for these samples, and associated data (tissue, museum ID/source specimen ID, site, state/province, latitude, longitude, date collected and sex) have been updated accordingly. The original table is provided as Supplementary Information to this Amendment, and the original Article has been corrected online.
China's Changing Alcohol Market and Need for an Enhanced Policy Response: A Narrative Review
(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-05-11) Liu S; Huang F; Zhu X; Zhou S; Si X; Zhao Y; Liu Y; Zhang X; Casswell S; Tchounwou PB
This study describes trends in alcohol consumption in the context of an expanding commercial context, current policy responses, and flaws in relation to international best practice for alcohol control in China. We surveyed the literature and other documents in Chinese or English up to December 2020 on policy responses to alcohol consumption and harm, industry structure, and marketing practices in China. Databases searched included PubMed, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang Data, Web of Science, and Baidu Scholar. We also scanned the official websites of government organizations and gathered information using snowballing. We analyzed existing alcohol policy against evidence-based, cost-effective policies for reducing alcohol harm. Our findings show that although some restrictive policies have been enacted with potential impacts on alcohol harm, they are not comprehensive, and some are poorly executed. The long history of alcohol use remains an important element in alcohol consumption by the Chinese population. However, alcohol marketing and promotion, ease of access, and affordability have become increasingly prominent. The gaps identified in alcohol policy suggest improved strategies and measures to reduce the harmful use of alcohol are urgently needed in China.
Forecasting the publication and citation outcomes of COVID-19 preprints
(The Royal Society, 2022-09) Gordon M; Bishop M; Chen Y; Dreber A; Goldfedder B; Holzmeister F; Johannesson M; Liu Y; Tran L; Twardy C; Wang J; Pfeiffer T
Many publications on COVID-19 were released on preprint servers such as medRxiv and bioRxiv. It is unknown how reliable these preprints are, and which ones will eventually be published in scientific journals. In this study, we use crowdsourced human forecasts to predict publication outcomes and future citation counts for a sample of 400 preprints with high Altmetric score. Most of these preprints were published within 1 year of upload on a preprint server (70%), with a considerable fraction (45%) appearing in a high-impact journal with a journal impact factor of at least 10. On average, the preprints received 162 citations within the first year. We found that forecasters can predict if preprints will be published after 1 year and if the publishing journal has high impact. Forecasts are also informative with respect to Google Scholar citations within 1 year of upload on a preprint server. For both types of assessment, we found statistically significant positive correlations between forecasts and observed outcomes. While the forecasts can help to provide a preliminary assessment of preprints at a faster pace than traditional peer-review, it remains to be investigated if such an assessment is suited to identify methodological problems in preprints.
Hair and cord blood element levels and their relationship with air pollution, dietary intake, gestational diabetes mellitus, and infant neurodevelopment.
(Elsevier B.V., 2023-08-23) Xia Y-Y; de Seymour JV; Yang X-J; Zhou L-W; Liu Y; Yang Y; Beck KL; Conlon CA; Mansell T; Novakovic B; Saffery R; Han T-L; Zhang H; Baker PN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Exposure to a range of elements, air pollution, and specific dietary components in pregnancy has variously been associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk or infant neurodevelopmental problems. We measured a range of pregnancy exposures in maternal hair and/or infant cord serum and tested their relationship to GDM and infant neurodevelopment. METHODS: A total of 843 pregnant women (GDM = 224, Non-GDM = 619) were selected from the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies cohort study. Forty-eight elements in hair and cord serum were quantified using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between hair element concentrations and GDM risk, while multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the relationship between hair/cord serum elements and air pollutants, diet exposures, and Bayley Scales of infant neurodevelopment at 12 months of age. RESULTS: After adjusting for maternal age, BMI, and primiparity, we observed that fourteen elements in maternal hair were associated with a significantly increased risk of GDM, particularly Ta (OR = 9.49, 95% CI: 6.71, 13.42), Re (OR = 5.21, 95% CI: 3.84, 7.07), and Se (OR = 5.37, 95% CI: 3.48, 8.28). In the adjusted linear regression model, three elements (Rb, Er, and Tm) in maternal hair and infant cord serum were negatively associated with Mental Development Index scores. For dietary exposures, elements were positively associated with noodles (Nb), sweetened beverages (Rb), poultry (Cs), oils and condiments (Ca), and other seafood (Gd). In addition, air pollutants PM2.5 (LUR) and PM10 were negatively associated with Ta and Re in maternal hair. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the potential influence of maternal element exposure on GDM risk and infant neurodevelopment. We identified links between levels of these elements in both maternal hair and infant cord serum related to air pollutants and dietary factors.
Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal potential mechanisms in Stipa breviflora underlying adaptation to grazing
(John Wiley and Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Chinese Grassland Society and Lanzhou University, 2024-03-14) Liu Y; Sun S; Zhang Y; Song M; Tian Y; Lockhart PJ; Zhang X; Xu Y; Dang Z; Matthew C
Background: Long-term overgrazing has led to severe degradation of grasslands, posing a significant threat to the sustainable use of grassland resources. Methods: Based on the investigation of changes in functional traits and photosynthetic physiology of Stipa breviflora under no grazing, moderate grazing, and heavy grazing treatments, the changes in expression patterns of genes and proteins associated with different grazing intensities were assessed through integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Results: Differentially expressed genes and proteins were identified under different grazing intensities. They were mainly related to RNA processing, carbon metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. These findings suggest that long-term grazing leads to molecular phenotypic plasticity, affecting various biological processes and metabolic pathways in S. breviflora. Correlation analysis revealed low correlation between the transcriptome and the proteome, indicating a large-scale regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional and translational levels during the response of S. breviflora to grazing. The expression profiles of key genes and proteins involved in photosynthesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism pathways suggested their synergistic response to grazing in S. breviflora. Conclusions: Our study provides insight into the adaptation mechanisms of S. breviflora to grazing and provides a scientific basis for the development of more efficient grassland protection and utilization practices.
Investigation on in-situ deoxygenation performance of bio-oil model compound guaiacol over Ce-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst
(Elsevier B V on behalf of Shandong University, 2023-06-15) Yang M; Chen Y; Wang Y; Yang L; Cui W; Liu Y; Wang C; Chen Q
The investigation of the low-cost deoxygenation of guaiacol (GUA, a model bio-oil compound) is of importance for upgrading bio-oil. At present, common sulfide catalysts for GUA deoxygenation reactions cause contamination of the liquid product, and noble metal catalysts are economically disadvantageous. In this study, four reduced Fe-based oxides with different Ce doping ratios were prepared and their effects on the in-situ deoxygenation performance of GUA in aqueous/methanol hydrogen donor solvents were explored. The results based on the deoxygenation degree, conversion degree, and higher heating value (HHV) of the products showed that the oxide catalyst with a Fe/Ce molar ratio of 2:1 in the methanol solvent performed very well. After selecting an excellent catalyst and a better hydrogen donor solvent, four factors (reaction temperature, reaction time, volume ratio of GUA dosage and methanol dosage, and the ratio of catalyst dosage at the bottom of the reactor to that at the top) in the deoxygenation degree of GUA were investigated using an orthogonal experimental method to further explore the performance of the catalyst. The results showed that the reaction temperature and time greatly influenced GUA deoxygenation. Under optimal experimental conditions, the deoxygenation degree and conversion degree of GUA could reach 34.36% and 92.56%, respectively, based on the relative peak area of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the HHV of the liquid product was 32.27 MJ/kg. Although Fe/Ce catalysts mainly promote demethoxylation, demethylation, and methylation, the stability and quality of the liquid products were improved compared with GUA owing to the reduction in phenolic hydroxyl and ether content. The reduced catalyst in the process of GUA in-situ deoxygenation reactions in methanol maintained a steady performance, as revealed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence.
Monitoring the mode of action of synthetic and natural biocides against Aeromonas hydrophila by Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2021-12) Mehta M; Liu Y; Waterland M; Holmes G
We have investigated the mode of action of synthetic biocides, (2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole(TCMTB), dichlorophen, (commonly used in leather industry for preservation) and natural biocides, oregano and eucalyptus oils, on Aeromonas hydrophila using Raman spectroscopy in collaboration with multivariate analysis and 2D correlation spectroscopy to evaluate whether Raman spectra acquired contained valuable information to study the action of biocides on bacterial cells. The growth of A. hydrophila in clear and outer edge zone of inhibition differ in their reaction with different biocides, which allows us to highlight the differences as a characteristic of two kinds of bacteria. Such classification helps identify oregano oil as the most effective biocide by altering clear and outer edge zone of bacteria. Standard disk diffusion assay method was used for screening biocide bacteria interactions and later analysed by Raman spectroscopy. The paper also presents the introduction of TCMTB and oregano oil into leather processing stages to examine and determine the antimicrobial effect as an application to real-world setting. Therefore, we conclude that Raman spectroscopy with appropriate computational tools constitutes a powerful approach for screening biocides, which provide solutions to all the industries using biocides including leather industry, considering the potentially harmful effect of biocides to humans and the environment.
Organizational structures of agriculture cooperatives in China: Evidence from the green vegetable sector
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-06-19) Liu Y; Garnevska E; Shadbolt N
China's agriculture cooperatives are playing a pivotal role in promoting rural development and boosting farmers’ income. As a result of the rapidly changing external environment, diverse types of cooperatives have emerged. However, a comprehensive understanding of the organizational structures, including ownership, control, and benefit rights, of different types of cooperatives, is limited. This study analyzes the organizational structures of two types of cooperatives in China: entrepreneur-led cooperatives and government-led cooperatives. Qualitative methodology was used in this study, including semi-structured interviews with four green vegetable production cooperatives in Shandong province. Results reveal the structural differences between these two types of case cooperatives. Despite the shared ownership, control, and benefit rights among members, entrepreneur-led cooperatives are characterized by the dominance of core members in capital contribution, control rights, and dividend distribution; whereas government-led cooperatives distribute those rights more equally among all members. The findings in this study present a more comprehensive landscape of the organizational structures of China's cooperatives. Empirically, it demonstrates how cooperatives can evolve and vary across laws and cultures, even within the same legislative background. Additionally, it offers crucial insights for these cooperatives to develop and sustain long-term vitality.
Origin and evolution of the kiwifruit canker pandemic
(Oxford University Press, 1/04/2017) McCann HC; Li L; Liu Y; Li D; Pan H; Zhong C; Rikkerink EHA; Templeton MD; Straub C; Colombi E; Rainey PB; Huang H
Recurring epidemics of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) bleeding canker disease are caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). In order to strengthen understanding of population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary dynamics, we isolated Pseudomonas from cultivated and wild kiwifruit across six provinces in China. Based on the analysis of eighty sequenced Psa genomes we show that China is the origin of the pandemic lineage but that strain diversity in China is confined to just a single clade. In contrast, Korea and Japan harbour strains from multiple clades. Distinct independent transmission events marked introduction of the pandemic lineage into New Zealand, Chile, Europe, Korea and Japan. Despite high similarity within the core genome and minimal impact of within-clade recombination, we observed extensive variation even within the single clade from which the global pandemic arose.
RADseq-based population genomic analysis and environmental adaptation of rare and endangered recretohalophyte Reaumuria trigyna.
(John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2024-03-01) Dang Z; Li J; Liu Y; Song M; Lockhart PJ; Tian Y; Niu M; Wang Q; Varshney R
Genetic diversity reflects the survival potential, history, and population dynamics of an organism. It underlies the adaptive potential of populations and their response to environmental change. Reaumuria trigyna is an endemic species in the Eastern Alxa and West Ordos desert regions in China. The species has been considered a good candidate to explore the unique survival strategies of plants that inhabit this area. In this study, we performed population genomic analyses based on restriction-site associated DNA sequencing to understand the genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and differentiation of the species. Analyses of 92,719 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicated that overall genetic diversity of R. trigyna was low (HO = 0.249 and HE = 0.208). No significant genetic differentiation was observed among the investigated populations. However, a subtle population genetic structure was detected. We suggest that this might be explained by adaptive diversification reinforced by the geographical isolation of populations. Overall, 3513 outlier SNPs were located in 243 gene-coding sequences in the R. trigyna transcriptome. Potential sites under diversifying selection occurred in genes (e.g., AP2/EREBP, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, FLS, and 4CL) related to phytohormone regulation and synthesis of secondary metabolites which have roles in adaptation of species. Our genetic analyses provide scientific criteria for evaluating the evolutionary capacity of R. trigyna and the discovery of unique adaptions. Our findings extend knowledge of refugia, environmental adaption, and evolution of germplasm resources that survive in the Ordos area.
Seasonal variation in soil and herbage CO2 efflux for a sheep-grazed alpine meadow on the north-east Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and estimated net annual CO2 exchange
(2/06/2022) Yuan H; Matthew C; He XZ; Sun Y; Liu Y; Zhang T; Gao X; Yan C; Chang S; Hou F
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a vast geographic area currently subject to climate warming. Improved knowledge of the CO2 respiration dynamics of the Plateau alpine meadows and of the impact of grazing on CO2 fluxes is highly desirable. Such information will assist land use planning. We measured soil and vegetation CO2 efflux of alpine meadows using a closed chamber technique over diurnal cycles in winter, spring and summer. The annual, combined soil and plant respiration on ungrazed plots was 28.0 t CO2 ha-1 a-1, of which 3.7 t ha-1 a-1occurred in winter, when plant respiration was undetectable. This suggests winter respiration was driven mainly by microbial oxidation of soil organic matter. The winter respiration observed in this study was sufficient to offset the growing season CO2 sink reported for similar alpine meadows in other studies. Grazing increased herbage respiration in summer, presumably through stimulation of gross photosynthesis. From limited herbage production data, we estimate the sustainable yield of these meadows for grazing purposes to be about 500 kg herbage dry matter ha-1 a-1. Addition of photosynthesis data and understanding of factors affecting soil carbon sequestration to more precisely determine the CO2 balance of these grasslands is recommended.
Strategic Asset Seeking and Innovation Performance: The Role of Innovation Capabilities and Host Country Institutions
(MDPI AG, 2/03/2020) Mi L; Yue X-G; Shao X-F; Kang Y; Liu Y
Peering through the lenses of the strategic intent perspective and strategic fit paradigm, in this study, we seek to examine the contingent conditions under which emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) with strategic asset seeking (SAS) intent can achieve improved innovation performance. We developed a contingency model of how the relationship between SAS intent and innovation performance is contingent on the moderating effects of firms’ innovation capability and institutional quality in the host country, as well as on the synergistic interaction of independent moderating effects from these two factors. We combined survey data from 320 Chinese MNEs with archival data to test our hypotheses. Our results show that SAS intent can lead to positive innovation performance when (a) the investing firm has developed high levels of innovation capability, and (b) synergistic interactions exist between institutional quality and firms’ innovation capability regarding their moderating effect on the SAS intent-innovation performance link.
The impact of heat-set milk protein gel textures modified by pH on circulating amino acid appearance and gastric function in healthy female adults: a randomised controlled trial.
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024-05-21) Milan AM; Menting GGA; Barnett MPG; Liu Y; McNabb WC; Roy NC; Hutchings SC; Mungure T; Weeks M; Li S; Hort J; Calder S; O'Grady G; Mithen RF
Modification of dairy proteins during processing impacts structural assemblies, influencing textural and nutritional properties of dairy products, and release and availability of amino acids during digestion. By modifying only pH, acid heat-set bovine dairy gels with divergent textural properties were developed to alter protein digestion. In vitro assay confirmed faster digestion of protein from a firm gel (pH 5.65) versus a soft gel (pH 6.55). We hypothesised that firm gel (FIRM-G; pH 5.6) would result in greater indispensable amino acid (IAA) appearance in circulation over 5 h and corresponding differences in gastric myoelectrical activity relative to soft gel (SOFT-G; pH 6.2). In a randomised, single-blind cross-over trial, healthy females (n = 20) consumed 150 g of each gel; plasma amino acid appearance was assessed over 5 hours. Iso-nitrogenous, iso-caloric gels were prepared from identical mixtures of bovine milk and whey protein concentrates; providing 17.7 g (FIRM-G) and 18.9 g (SOFT-G) of protein per serving. Secondary outcomes included gastric myoelectrical activity measured by body surface gastric mapping, glycaemic, triglyceridaemic, and subjective appetite and digestive responses. Overall plasma IAA (area under the curve) did not differ between gels. However, plasma IAA concentrations were higher, and increased more rapidly over time after SOFT-G compared with FIRM-G (1455 ± 53 versus 1350 ± 62 μmol L-1 at 30 min, p = 0.024). Similarly, total, branched-chain and dispensable amino acids were higher at 30 min with SOFT-G than FIRM-G (total: 3939 ± 97 versus 3702 ± 127 μmol L-1, p = 0.014; branched-chain: 677 ± 30 versus 619 ± 34 μmol L-1, p = 0.047; dispensable: 2334 ± 53 versus 2210 ± 76 μmol L-1, p = 0.032). All other measured parameters were similar between gels. Peak postprandial aminoacidaemia was higher and faster following ingestion of SOFT-G. Customised plasma amino acid appearance from dairy is achievable by altering gel coagulum structure using pH during processing and may have minimal influence on related postprandial responses, with implications for targeting food design for optimal health. The Clinical Trial Registry number is ACTRN12622001418763 (https://www.anzctr.org.au) registered November 7, 2022.
The physicochemical properties of β-carotene emulsions stabilized by whey protein/octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified-starch complexes: Influence of OSA substitution degree of starch
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-04-01) Lin Q; Yang X; Liu Y; Lu Y; Liu W; Han J; Singh H; Ye A
Complexes formed between heated whey protein isolate (HWPI) and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified starches were prepared to stabilize β-carotene-containing oil-in-water emulsions. The zeta-potential, turbidity, particle size, and microstructure of the complexes were determined to evaluate the impact of the degree of substitution (DS) of OSA-modified starch on the complexes' structure. HWPI and OSA-modified starches with low DS values formed elongated complexes. With increasing DS, the particle size of the complexes reduced. In comparison to the emulsions stabilized by HWPI or OSA-modified starches, the emulsions stabilized by HWPI/OSAS complexes exhibited superior protection of β-carotene during storage under acidic conditions. When the DS of OSA-modified starch increased, the particle size of emulsions stabilized by the complexes decreased, with less droplet aggregation occurring. The physical stability of these emulsions against storage time, ions, and thermal process showed a positive relationship with the DS, while the β-carotene retention in the emulsions during storage showed a negative relationship with the DS. The greater physical stability of the complex-stabilized emulsions containing OSA-modified starch with a higher DS may be ascribed to enhanced electrostatic repulsion among oil droplets and the formation of a more rigid and denser surface structure in the presence of more OSA groups.
Transcriptomic Identification of a Unique Set of Nodule-Specific Cysteine-Rich Peptides Expressed in the Nitrogen-Fixing Root Nodule of Astragalus sinicus
(The American Phytopathological Society in cooperation with the International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 2022-10-08) Wei F; Liu Y; Zhou D; Zhao W; Chen Z; Chen D; Li Y; Zhang X-X
Legumes in the inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) each produce a unique set of nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, which act in concert to determine the terminal differentiation of nitrogen-fixing bacteroid. IRLC legumes differ greatly in their numbers of NCR and sequence diversity. This raises the significant question how bacteroid differentiation is collectively controlled by the specific NCR repertoire of an IRLC legume. Astragalus sinicus is an IRLC legume that forms indeterminate nodules with its microsymbiont Mesorhizobium huakuii 7653R. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis of root and nodule samples at 3, 7, 14, 28 days postinoculation with M. huakuii 7653R and its isogenic ∆bacA mutant. BacA is a broad-specificity peptide transporter required for the host-derived NCRs to target rhizobial cells. A total of 167 NCRs were identified in the RNA transcripts. Comparative sequence and electrochemical analysis revealed that A. sinicus NCRs (AsNCRs) are dominated by a unique cationic group (termed subgroup C), whose mature portion is relatively long (>60 amino acids) and phylogenetically distinct and possessing six highly conserved cysteine residues. Subsequent functional characterization showed that a 7653R variant harboring AsNCR083 (a representative of subgroup C AsNCR) displayed significant growth inhibition in laboratory media and formed ineffective white nodules on A. sinicus with irregular symbiosomes. Finally, bacterial two-hybrid analysis led to the identification of GroEL1 and GroEL3 as the molecular targets of AsNCR067 and AsNCR076. Together, our data contribute to a systematic understanding of the NCR repertoire associated with the A. sinicus and M. huakuii symbiosis.

Browsing by Author "Liu Y"

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