Browsing by Author "Chen X"

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    A Genetic Locus within the FMN1/GREM1 Gene Region Interacts with Body Mass Index in Colorectal Cancer Risk.
    (American Association for Cancer Research, 2023-08-01) Aglago EK; Kim A; Lin Y; Qu C; Evangelou M; Ren Y; Morrison J; Albanes D; Arndt V; Barry EL; Baurley JW; Berndt SI; Bien SA; Bishop DT; Bouras E; Brenner H; Buchanan DD; Budiarto A; Carreras-Torres R; Casey G; Cenggoro TW; Chan AT; Chang-Claude J; Chen X; Conti DV; Devall M; Diez-Obrero V; Dimou N; Drew D; Figueiredo JC; Gallinger S; Giles GG; Gruber SB; Gsur A; Gunter MJ; Hampel H; Harlid S; Hidaka A; Harrison TA; Hoffmeister M; Huyghe JR; Jenkins MA; Jordahl K; Joshi AD; Kawaguchi ES; Keku TO; Kundaje A; Larsson SC; Marchand LL; Lewinger JP; Li L; Lynch BM; Mahesworo B; Mandic M; Obón-Santacana M; Moreno V; Murphy N; Nan H; Nassir R; Newcomb PA; Ogino S; Ose J; Pai RK; Palmer JR; Papadimitriou N; Pardamean B; Peoples AR; Platz EA; Potter JD; Prentice RL; Rennert G; Ruiz-Narvaez E; Sakoda LC; Scacheri PC; Schmit SL; Schoen RE; Shcherbina A; Slattery ML; Stern MC; Su Y-R; Tangen CM; Thibodeau SN; Thomas DC; Tian Y; Ulrich CM; van Duijnhoven FJ; Van Guelpen B; Visvanathan K; Vodicka P; Wang J; White E; Wolk A; Woods MO; Wu AH; Zemlianskaia N; Hsu L; Gauderman WJ; Peters U; Tsilidis KK; Campbell PT
    Colorectal cancer risk can be impacted by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, including diet and obesity. Gene-environment interactions (G × E) can provide biological insights into the effects of obesity on colorectal cancer risk. Here, we assessed potential genome-wide G × E interactions between body mass index (BMI) and common SNPs for colorectal cancer risk using data from 36,415 colorectal cancer cases and 48,451 controls from three international colorectal cancer consortia (CCFR, CORECT, and GECCO). The G × E tests included the conventional logistic regression using multiplicative terms (one degree of freedom, 1DF test), the two-step EDGE method, and the joint 3DF test, each of which is powerful for detecting G × E interactions under specific conditions. BMI was associated with higher colorectal cancer risk. The two-step approach revealed a statistically significant G×BMI interaction located within the Formin 1/Gremlin 1 (FMN1/GREM1) gene region (rs58349661). This SNP was also identified by the 3DF test, with a suggestive statistical significance in the 1DF test. Among participants with the CC genotype of rs58349661, overweight and obesity categories were associated with higher colorectal cancer risk, whereas null associations were observed across BMI categories in those with the TT genotype. Using data from three large international consortia, this study discovered a locus in the FMN1/GREM1 gene region that interacts with BMI on the association with colorectal cancer risk. Further studies should examine the potential mechanisms through which this locus modifies the etiologic link between obesity and colorectal cancer. Significance: This gene-environment interaction analysis revealed a genetic locus in FMN1/GREM1 that interacts with body mass index in colorectal cancer risk, suggesting potential implications for precision prevention strategies.
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    A Study of the Interaction, Morphology, and Structure in Trypsin-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Complexes
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-07-28) Liu J; Ghanizadeh H; Li X; Han Z; Qiu Y; Zhang Y; Chen X; Wang A; Tresserra-Rimbau A; Bresciani L
    Understanding the interaction between proteins and polyphenols is of significance to food industries. The aim of this research was to investigate the mode of aggregation for trypsin-EGCG (Epigallocatechin-3-gallate) complexes. For this, the complex was characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectra, small-angel X-ray scattering (SAXS), and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity of trypsin-EGCG complexes decreased with increasing the concentration of EGCG, indicating that the interaction between trypsin and EGCG resulted in changes in the microenvironment around fluorescent amino acid residues. The results of CD analysis showed conformational changes in trypsin after binding with EGCG. The results from SAXS analysis showed that the addition of EGCG results in the formation of aggregates of trypsin-EGCG complexes, and increasing the concentration of EGCG resulted in larger aggregates. AFM images showed that the trypsin-EGCG complex formed aggregates of irregular ellipsoidal shapes with the size of about 200 × 400 × 200 nm, with EGCG interconnecting the trypsin particles. Overall, according to these results, it was concluded that the large aggregates of trypsin-EGCG complexes are formed from several small aggregates that are interconnected. The results of this study shed some light on the interaction between digestive enzymes and EGCG.
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    Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age.
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023-08-13) Swami V; Tran US; Stieger S; Aavik T; Ranjbar HA; Adebayo SO; Afhami R; Ahmed O; Aimé A; Akel M; Halbusi HA; Alexias G; Ali KF; Alp-Dal N; Alsalhani AB; Álvares-Solas S; Amaral ACS; Andrianto S; Aspden T; Argyrides M; Aruta JJBR; Atkin S; Ayandele O; Baceviciene M; Bahbouh R; Ballesio A; Barron D; Bellard A; Bender SS; Beydağ KD; Birovljević G; Blackburn M-È; Borja-Alvarez T; Borowiec J; Bozogáňová M; Bratland-Sanda S; Browning MHEM; Brytek-Matera A; Burakova M; Çakır-Koçak Y; Camacho P; Camilleri VE; Cazzato V; Cerea S; Chaiwutikornwanich A; Chaleeraktrakoon T; Chambers T; Chen Q-W; Chen X; Chien C-L; Chobthamkit P; Choompunuch B; Compte EJ; Corrigan J; Cosmas G; Cowden RG; Czepczor-Bernat K; Czub M; da Silva WR; Dadfar M; Dalley SE; Dany L; Datu JAD; Berbert de Carvalho PH; Coelho GLDH; De Jesus AOS; Debbabi SH; Dhakal S; Di Bernardo F; Dimitrova DD; Dion J; Dixson B; Donofrio SM; Drysch M; Du H; Dzhambov AM; El-Jor C; Enea V; Eskin M; Farbod F; Farrugia L; Fian L; Fisher ML; Folwarczny M; Frederick DA; Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M; Furnham A; García AA; Geller S; Ghisi M; Ghorbani A; Martinez MAG; Gradidge S; Graf S; Grano C; Gyene G; Hallit S; Hamdan M; Handelzalts JE; Hanel PHP; Hawks SR; Hekmati I; Helmy M; Hill T; Hina F; Holenweger G; Hřebíčková M; Ijabadeniyi OA; Imam A; İnce B; Irrazabal N; Jankauskiene R; Jiang D-Y; Jiménez-Borja M; Jiménez-Borja V; Johnson EM; Jovanović V; Jović M; Jović M; Junqueira ACP; Kahle L-M; Kantanista A; Karakiraz A; Karkin AN; Kasten E; Khatib S; Khieowan N; Kimong PJ; Kiropoulos L; Knittel J; Kohli N; Koprivnik M; Kospakov A; Król-Zielińska M; Krug I; Kuan G; Kueh YC; Kujan O; Kukić M; Kumar S; Kumar V; Lamba N; Lauri MA; Laus MF; LeBlanc LA; Lee HJ; Lipowska M; Lipowski M; Lombardo C; Lukács A; Maïano C; Malik S; Manjary M; Baldó LM; Martinez-Banfi M; Massar K; Matera C; McAnirlin O; Mebarak MR; Mechri A; Meireles JFF; Mesko N; Mills J; Miyairi M; Modi R; Modrzejewska A; Modrzejewska J; Mulgrew KE; Myers TA; Namatame H; Nassani MZ; Nerini A; Neto F; Neto J; Neves AN; Ng S-K; Nithiya D; O J; Obeid S; Oda-Montecinos C; Olapegba PO; Olonisakin TT; Omar SS; Örlygsdóttir B; Özsoy E; Otterbring T; Pahl S; Panasiti MS; Park Y; Patwary MM; Pethö T; Petrova N; Pietschnig J; Pourmahmoud S; Prabhu VG; Poštuvan V; Prokop P; Ramseyer Winter VL; Razmus M; Ru T; Rupar M; Sahlan RN; Hassan MS; Šalov A; Sapkota S; Sarfo JO; Sawamiya Y; Schaefer K; Schulte-Mecklenbeck M; Seekis V; Selvi K; Sharifi M; Shrivastava A; Siddique RF; Sigurdsson V; Silkane V; Šimunić A; Singh G; Slezáčková A; Sundgot-Borgen C; Ten Hoor G; Tevichapong P; Tipandjan A; Todd J; Togas C; Tonini F; Tovar-Castro JC; Trangsrud LKJ; Tripathi P; Tudorel O; Tylka TL; Uyzbayeva A; Vally Z; Vanags E; Vega LD; Vicente-Arruebarrena A; Vidal-Mollón J; Vilar R; Villegas H; Vintilă M; Wallner C; White MP; Whitebridge S; Windhager S; Wong KY; Yau EK; Yamamiya Y; Yeung VWL; Zanetti MC; Zawisza M; Zeeni N; Zvaríková M; Voracek M
    The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research.
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    Genetic risk impacts the association of menopausal hormone therapy with colorectal cancer risk
    (Springer Nature Limited, 2024-04-01) Tian Y; Lin Y; Qu C; Arndt V; Baurley JW; Berndt SI; Bien SA; Bishop DT; Brenner H; Buchanan DD; Budiarto A; Campbell PT; Carreras-Torres R; Casey G; Chan AT; Chen R; Chen X; Conti DV; Díez-Obrero V; Dimou N; Drew DA; Figueiredo JC; Gallinger S; Giles GG; Gruber SB; Gunter MJ; Harlid S; Harrison TA; Hidaka A; Hoffmeister M; Huyghe JR; Jenkins MA; Jordahl KM; Joshi AD; Keku TO; Kawaguchi E; Kim AE; Kundaje A; Larsson SC; Marchand LL; Lewinger JP; Li L; Moreno V; Morrison J; Murphy N; Nan H; Nassir R; Newcomb PA; Obón-Santacana M; Ogino S; Ose J; Pardamean B; Pellatt AJ; Peoples AR; Platz EA; Potter JD; Prentice RL; Rennert G; Ruiz-Narvaez EA; Sakoda LC; Schoen RE; Shcherbina A; Stern MC; Su Y-R; Thibodeau SN; Thomas DC; Tsilidis KK; van Duijnhoven FJB; Van Guelpen B; Visvanathan K; White E; Wolk A; Woods MO; Wu AH; Peters U; Gauderman WJ; Hsu L; Chang-Claude J
    BACKGROUND: Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), a common treatment to relieve symptoms of menopause, is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). To inform CRC risk prediction and MHT risk-benefit assessment, we aimed to evaluate the joint association of a polygenic risk score (PRS) for CRC and MHT on CRC risk. METHODS: We used data from 28,486 postmenopausal women (11,519 cases and 16,967 controls) of European descent. A PRS based on 141 CRC-associated genetic variants was modeled as a categorical variable in quartiles. Multiplicative interaction between PRS and MHT use was evaluated using logistic regression. Additive interaction was measured using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). 30-year cumulative risks of CRC for 50-year-old women according to MHT use and PRS were calculated. RESULTS: The reduction in odds ratios by MHT use was larger in women within the highest quartile of PRS compared to that in women within the lowest quartile of PRS (p-value = 2.7 × 10-8). At the highest quartile of PRS, the 30-year CRC risk was statistically significantly lower for women taking any MHT than for women not taking any MHT, 3.7% (3.3%-4.0%) vs 6.1% (5.7%-6.5%) (difference 2.4%, P-value = 1.83 × 10-14); these differences were also statistically significant but smaller in magnitude in the lowest PRS quartile, 1.6% (1.4%-1.8%) vs 2.2% (1.9%-2.4%) (difference 0.6%, P-value = 1.01 × 10-3), indicating 4 times greater reduction in absolute risk associated with any MHT use in the highest compared to the lowest quartile of genetic CRC risk. CONCLUSIONS: MHT use has a greater impact on the reduction of CRC risk for women at higher genetic risk. These findings have implications for the development of risk prediction models for CRC and potentially for the consideration of genetic information in the risk-benefit assessment of MHT use.
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    Probing the diabetes and colorectal cancer relationship using gene - environment interaction analyses.
    (Springer Nature, 2023-06-26) Dimou N; Kim AE; Flanagan O; Murphy N; Diez-Obrero V; Shcherbina A; Aglago EK; Bouras E; Campbell PT; Casey G; Gallinger S; Gruber SB; Jenkins MA; Lin Y; Moreno V; Ruiz-Narvaez E; Stern MC; Tian Y; Tsilidis KK; Arndt V; Barry EL; Baurley JW; Berndt SI; Bézieau S; Bien SA; Bishop DT; Brenner H; Budiarto A; Carreras-Torres R; Cenggoro TW; Chan AT; Chang-Claude J; Chanock SJ; Chen X; Conti DV; Dampier CH; Devall M; Drew DA; Figueiredo JC; Giles GG; Gsur A; Harrison TA; Hidaka A; Hoffmeister M; Huyghe JR; Jordahl K; Kawaguchi E; Keku TO; Larsson SC; Le Marchand L; Lewinger JP; Li L; Mahesworo B; Morrison J; Newcomb PA; Newton CC; Obon-Santacana M; Ose J; Pai RK; Palmer JR; Papadimitriou N; Pardamean B; Peoples AR; Pharoah PDP; Platz EA; Potter JD; Rennert G; Scacheri PC; Schoen RE; Su Y-R; Tangen CM; Thibodeau SN; Thomas DC; Ulrich CM; Um CY; van Duijnhoven FJB; Visvanathan K; Vodicka P; Vodickova L; White E; Wolk A; Woods MO; Qu C; Kundaje A; Hsu L; Gauderman WJ; Gunter MJ; Peters U
    BACKGROUND: Diabetes is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship still require investigation and it is not known if the association is modified by genetic variants. To address these questions, we undertook a genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis. METHODS: We used data from 3 genetic consortia (CCFR, CORECT, GECCO; 31,318 colorectal cancer cases/41,499 controls) and undertook genome-wide gene-environment interaction analyses with colorectal cancer risk, including interaction tests of genetics(G)xdiabetes (1-degree of freedom; d.f.) and joint testing of Gxdiabetes, G-colorectal cancer association (2-d.f. joint test) and G-diabetes correlation (3-d.f. joint test). RESULTS: Based on the joint tests, we found that the association of diabetes with colorectal cancer risk is modified by loci on chromosomes 8q24.11 (rs3802177, SLC30A8 - ORAA: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.34-1.96; ORAG: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.30-1.54; ORGG: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13-1.31; p-value3-d.f.: 5.46 × 10-11) and 13q14.13 (rs9526201, LRCH1 - ORGG: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.56-2.83; ORGA: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.38-1.68; ORAA: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06-1.21; p-value2-d.f.: 7.84 × 10-09). DISCUSSION: These results suggest that variation in genes related to insulin signaling (SLC30A8) and immune function (LRCH1) may modify the association of diabetes with colorectal cancer risk and provide novel insights into the biology underlying the diabetes and colorectal cancer relationship.
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    Pucciniastrum minimum is the causal agent of blueberry leaf rust on different Vaccinium species in Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand
    (Springer Nature on behalf of the Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc, 2023-03-01) Chen X; Mesarich CH; Kerckhoffs H; Hutchins D; Sofkova-Bobcheva S
    Blueberry leaf rust has become a prevalent disease in New Zealand blueberry production. To identify the pathogen responsible for this disease in the Hawke’s Bay region of New Zealand, leaves showing signs or symptoms of rust infection were collected from three blueberry cultivars (‘Centra Blue’ [Rabbiteye], ‘Georgia Dawn’ [Southern Highbush] and ‘Nui’ [Northern Highbush]) and the pathogen subjected to morphological characterization using both scanning electron and bright-field microscopy. Meanwhile, genomic DNA was extracted from urediniospores of infected leaves collected from cultivar ‘Rahi’ (Rabbiteye) and the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region was sequenced and compared to the corresponding nucleotide sequence of known rust pathogens. Results from both experiments indicated that Pucciniastrum minimum (syn. Thekopsora minima) was the causal agent of blueberry leaf rust disease in Hawke’s Bay. Next, the level of disease caused by P. minimum was quantified on 23 blueberry cultivars in this region during the 2019 blueberry production season. Here, a total of 20 leaves selected from each cultivar were continually monitored, and the lesion area was calculated using ImageJ based on images taken in the field. Based on this analysis, all leaves were found to be infected by the rust pathogen. However, disease intensity, as a function of the ‘area under the disease progress curve’ (AUDPC) value, was found to be different. This suggests that certain cultivars display a lower disease intensity during the harvest season. Further field assessment covering a whole growing cycle will give a better understanding about blueberry leaf rust infection on these cultivars.
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    Soil C, N, and P stocks evaluation under major land uses on China’s Loess Plateau
    (Society for Range Management, 1/03/2017) Chen X; Hou F; Matthew C; He XZ
    Loess Plateau covers 640 000 km2 in the central northern China. Despite a semiarid environment, harsh winters, and hot summers, agriculture has been practiced in this region for > 5 000 yr, and the food production systems are among China's oldest. The environment is fragile because the loessial soils are prone to erosion. Sound scientific information is therefore required to underpin future land use planning in the region. To this end, total soil organic carbon (SOC), N, and P stocks were measured in Huanxian County of the wider Loess Plateau, representing five major land use categories. Sites were sampled three times over 3 yr. In all, almost 2 800 soil analyses were performed. A feature of these soils is low SOC content in the A horizon but comparatively small decline with soil depth. For example, SOC levels for the 0-20 cm and 70-100 cmsoil depths averaged 6.1 and 4.1Mg ha-1, respectively. Alfalfa and rangeland sites had 5.1 Mg ha-1 (10%) more total than cropland and 7.5 t ha-1 (16%) more total SOC to 100-cm soil depth than the two silvopastoral sites. For total soil N (0- to 100-cm soil depth) the averages of alfalfa and RL siteswere 20% and 28%, respectively, higher than the cropland and silvopastoral site group means, although soil C, N, and P levels are very low, relative to those of typical soils elsewhere. When these observations are scaled up to a regional level, it can be calculated that a 5% shift in land use from cropping or silvopastoral systems to alfalfa-based systems could increase soil C sequestration by as many as 20 million t CO2 per yr, although some caution is needed in making extrapolations, as the present data are from a single locality on the Loess Plateau.
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    Sub-micron moulding topological mass transport regimes in angled vortex fluidic flow
    (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021-06-07) Alharbi TMD; Jellicoe M; Luo X; Vimalanathan K; Alsulami IK; Al Harbi BS; Igder A; Alrashaidi FAJ; Chen X; Stubbs KA; Chalker JM; Zhang W; Boulos RA; Jones DB; Quinton JS; Raston CL
    Shear stress in dynamic thin films, as in vortex fluidics, can be harnessed for generating non-equilibrium conditions, but the nature of the fluid flow is not understood. A rapidly rotating inclined tube in the vortex fluidic device (VFD) imparts shear stress (mechanical energy) into a thin film of liquid, depending on the physical characteristics of the liquid and rotational speed, ω, tilt angle, θ, and diameter of the tube. Through understanding that the fluid exhibits resonance behaviours from the confining boundaries of the glass surface and the meniscus that determines the liquid film thickness, we have established specific topological mass transport regimes. These topologies have been established through materials processing, as spinning top flow normal to the surface of the tube, double-helical flow across the thin film, and spicular flow, a transitional region where both effects contribute. The manifestation of mass transport patterns within the film have been observed by monitoring the mixing time, temperature profile, and film thickness against increasing rotational speed, ω. In addition, these flow patterns have unique signatures that enable the morphology of nanomaterials processed in the VFD to be predicted, for example in reversible scrolling and crumbling graphene oxide sheets. Shear-stress induced recrystallisation, crystallisation and polymerisation, at different rotational speeds, provide moulds of high-shear topologies, as 'positive' and 'negative' spicular flow behaviour. 'Molecular drilling' of holes in a thin film of polysulfone demonstrate spatial arrangement of double-helices. The grand sum of the different behavioural regimes is a general fluid flow model that accounts for all processing in the VFD at an optimal tilt angle of 45°, and provides a new concept in the fabrication of novel nanomaterials and controlling the organisation of matter.
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    Supplementation with Astragalus Root Powder Promotes Rumen Microbiota Density and Metabolome Interactions in Lambs
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2024-03-02) Shao P; Sha Y; Liu X; He Y; Wang F; Hu J; Wang J; Li S; Chen X; Yang W; Chen Q; Gao M
    The gut microbiota is highly symbiotic with the host, and the microbiota and its metabolites are essential for regulating host health and physiological functions. Astragalus, as a feed additive, can improve animal immunity. However, the effects of Astragalus root powder on the rumen microbiota and their metabolites in lambs are not apparent. In this study, thirty healthy Hu sheep lambs with similar body weights (17.42 ± 2.02 kg) were randomly selected for the feeding experiment. Lambs were fed diets supplemented with 0.3% Astragalus root powder, and the rumen microbiota density and metabolome were measured to determine the effects of Astragalus on the health of lambs in the rumen. The results showed that the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (Bf), Ruminococcus flavefaciens (Rf), Succiniclasticum (Su), and Prevotella (Pr) in the rumen was increased in the Astragalus group (p < 0.01), and metabolic profiling showed that the metabolites, such as L-lyrosine and L-leucine, were upregulated in the Astragalus group (p < 0.01). KEGG functional annotation revealed that upregulated metabolites were mainly enriched in the pathways of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and bile secretion in the Astragalus group, and downregulated metabolites were enriched in the pathways of methane metabolism and other pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that butyric acid was positively correlated with Roseburia and Blautia (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with Desulfovibrio (p < 0.05). Thus, by analyzing the interactions of Astragalus root powder with the density of rumen microorganisms and their metabolites in lambs, it was shown that Astragalus root powder could improve the structure of rumen microbiota and their metabolites and then participate in the regulation of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, immune metabolism, and other pathways to improve the efficiency of energy absorption of the lambs.
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    The relationship between hair metabolites, air pollution exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal study from pre-conception to third trimester.
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-12-02) Chen X; Zhao X; Jones MB; Harper A; de Seymour JV; Yang Y; Xia Y; Zhang T; Qi H; Gulliver J; Cannon RD; Saffery R; Zhang H; Han T-L; Baker PN; Zhou N
    BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic condition defined as glucose intolerance with first presentation during pregnancy. Many studies suggest that environmental exposures, including air pollution, contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM. Although hair metabolite profiles have been shown to reflect pollution exposure, few studies have examined the link between environmental exposures, the maternal hair metabolome and GDM. The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship (from pre-conception through to the third trimester) between air pollution exposure, the hair metabolome and GDM in a Chinese cohort. METHODS: A total of 1020 women enrolled in the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) birth cohort were included in our study. Metabolites from maternal hair segments collected pre-conception, and in the first, second, and third trimesters were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Maternal exposure to air pollution was estimated by two methods, namely proximal and land use regression (LUR) models, using air quality data from the air quality monitoring station nearest to the participant's home. Logistic regression and mixed models were applied to investigate associations between the air pollution exposure data and the GDM associated metabolites. RESULTS: Of the 276 hair metabolites identified, the concentrations of fourteen were significantly different between GDM cases and non-GDM controls, including some amino acids and their derivatives, fatty acids, organic acids, and exogenous compounds. Three of the metabolites found in significantly lower concentrations in the hair of women with GDM (2-hydroxybutyric acid, citramalic acid, and myristic acid) were also negatively associated with daily average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and the exposure estimates of PM2.5 and NO2, and positively associated with O3. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the maternal hair metabolome reflects the longitudinal metabolic changes that occur in response to environmental exposures and the development of GDM.
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    Unique rumen micromorphology and microbiota-metabolite interactions: features and strategies for Tibetan sheep adaptation to the plateau.
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2024-10-09) Chen Q; Sha Y; Liu X; He Y; Chen X; Yang W; Gao M; Huang W; Wang J; He J; Wang L; Zhang L
    The rumen microbiota-a symbiont to its host and consists of critical functional substances-plays a vital role in the animal body and represents a new perspective in the study of adaptive evolution in animals. This study used Slide Viewer slicing analysis system, gas chromatography, RT-qPCR and other technologies, as well as 16S and metabolomics determination methods, to measure and analyze the microstructure of rumen epithelium, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen transport genes, rumen microbiota and metabolites in Tibetan sheep and Hu sheep. The results indicate that the rumen nipple height and cuticle thickness of Tibetan sheep are significantly greater than those of Hu sheep (p < 0.01) and that the digestion and absorption of forage are greater. The levels of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and protein turnover were increased in Tibetan sheep, which enabled them to ferment efficiently, utilize forage, and absorb metabolic volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Tibetan sheep rumen metabolites are related to immune function and energy metabolism, which regulate rumen growth and development and gastrointestinal homeostasis. Thus, compared with Hu sheep, Tibetan sheep have more rumen papilla and cuticle corneum, and the synergistic effect of the microbiota and its metabolites is a characteristic and strategy for adapting to high-altitude environments.
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    Vortex fluidic induced mass transfer across immiscible phases
    (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022-03-28) Jellicoe M; Igder A; Chuah C; Jones DB; Luo X; Stubbs KA; Crawley EM; Pye SJ; Joseph N; Vimalananthan K; Gardner Z; Harvey DP; Chen X; Salvemini F; He S; Zhang W; Chalker JM; Quinton JS; Tang Y; Raston CL
    Mixing immiscible liquids typically requires the use of auxiliary substances including phase transfer catalysts, microgels, surfactants, complex polymers and nano-particles and/or micromixers. Centrifugally separated immiscible liquids of different densities in a 45° tilted rotating tube offer scope for avoiding their use. Micron to submicron size topological flow regimes in the thin films induce high inter-phase mass transfer depending on the nature of the two liquids. A hemispherical base tube creates a Coriolis force as a ‘spinning top’ (ST) topological fluid flow in the less dense liquid which penetrates the denser layer of liquid, delivering liquid from the upper layer through the lower layer to the surface of the tube with the thickness of the layers determined using neutron imaging. Similarly, double helical (DH) topological flow in the less dense liquid, arising from Faraday wave eddy currents twisted by Coriolis forces, impact through the less dense liquid onto the surface of the tube. The lateral dimensions of these topological flows have been determined using ‘molecular drilling’ impacting on a thin layer of polysulfone on the surface of the tube and self-assembly of nanoparticles at the interface of the two liquids. At high rotation speeds, DH flow also occurs in the denser layer, with a critical rotational speed reached resulting in rapid phase demixing of preformed emulsions of two immiscible liquids. ST flow is perturbed relative to double helical flow by changing the shape of the base of the tube while maintaining high mass transfer between phases as demonstrated by circumventing the need for phase transfer catalysts. The findings presented here have implications for overcoming mass transfer limitations at interfaces of liquids, and provide new methods for extractions and separation science, and avoiding the formation of emulsions.