Browsing by Author "Bolwell C"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A Cross Sectional Survey of International Horse-Racing Authorities on Injury Data Collection and Reporting Practices For Professional Jockeys
    (Elsevier Inc, 2021-09) O'Connor S; Hitchens PL; Bolwell C; Annan R; McGoldrick A; Fortington LV
    Jockey injuries are common in professional horse-racing and can result in life-threatening or career-ending outcomes. Robust injury data are essential to understand the circumstances of injury occurrence and ultimately identify prevention opportunities. This study aimed to identify jockey injury surveillance practices of international horse-racing authorities (HRAs) and the specific data items collected and reported by each HRA. A cross-sectional survey of representatives (e.g. Chief Medical Officer) from international HRAs was conducted. An online and paper questionnaire was designed comprised of 32 questions. Questions considered the barriers and facilitators to data collection within each HRA, and where available, what data were collected and reported by HRAs. Representatives from 15 international racing jurisdictions were included, of which 12 reported collection of race day injuries or falls, using varied definitions of medical attention and time loss. Six HRAs did not have a definition for a jockey injury, and eight HRAs had no parameters for describing injury severity. Race day exposure was collected by two HRAs. Results were commonly presented by HRAs as the number of injuries (n = 9/15) or proportion of injured jockeys (n = 6/15). The lack of a designated role for collection, collation and reporting of data was the main barrier for injury surveillance. Twelve HRAs agreed that mandatory collection would be a strong facilitator to improving practice. Enhancement and standardization of international jockey injury surveillance is required to move forward with evidence informed prevention. Concurrent investigation of how reporting practices can be best supported within existing HRA structures is recommended.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Fostering the Development of Professionalism in Veterinary Students: Challenges and Implications for Veterinary Professionalism Curricula
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-11-01) Gordon S; Gardner D; Weston J; Bolwell C; Benschop J; Parkinson T
    The importance of professional skills teaching and assessment within veterinary education has recently been highlighted in the veterinary education literature. This academic discourse follows the acknowledgement by both veterinary employers and graduates themselves that new graduates often lack the professional skills and attitudes needed for success in clinical veterinary practice. Traditionally, veterinary curricula have focused solely on teaching content knowledge and clinical skills; however, veterinary education curricula clearly must also contain dedicated instruction in veterinary professionalism. This must include instruction in communication skills, emotional intelligence, cultural awareness, teamwork abilities, dispute resolution strategies and the awareness that multiple approaches may be required to resolve challenges. It has become unrealistic to expect students to rely on observation and role modelling to foster the development of professionalism. There is a need to incorporate explicit learning activities that reinforce the knowledge, attitudes, values, and behaviours that characterise veterinary professionalism. While role modelling remains a key aspect of the veterinary professionalism learning that takes place through the informal/hidden curriculum, many students have often had more experiences with negative role models than with positive ones. This can lead to the development of a tolerance or normalisation of negative behaviours and a decline in students’ perceptions of professionalism. This article aims to continue recent conversations on professional skills teaching within veterinary education, define what is meant by veterinary professionalism and consider the plethora of terminology used when trying to establish a definition, highlight those attributes of veterinary professionalism deemed important by veterinary stakeholders for career success and employability, and explore the challenges of incorporating the teaching and assessment of professional traits into veterinary education.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Ultrasonographic features of the regressing yolk sac of normal captive Brown kiwi chicks (Apteryx mantelli) vary with age.
    (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2023-09-01) Short E; Owen M; Vallee E; Bolwell C; Morgan KJ
    Brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) are a culturally significant ratite species endemic to New Zealand. Chicks can develop diseases of the yolk sac which can be fatal if not promptly recognized and treated. Ultrasound examination of the yolk sac is an important component in the evaluation of chicks with suspected yolk sac disease. However, there are currently no reports of the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the regressing yolk sac in this species. The objective of this prospective reference interval study was to describe the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the yolk sac in brown kiwi chicks. Focused coelomic sonographic examinations were performed on 29 healthy chicks from >1 day of age until the yolk sac was completely absorbed or was <1 mL in volume. 41.6% (57/137) of yolks were round/ovoid in shape and 58.6% (80/137) had lobulated margins with invaginations. All yolks (137/137) were hyperechoic relative to adjacent coelomic structures. The heterogeneity of the echogenicity of the yolk was significantly associated with age (increased heterogeneity in younger birds) and was homogeneous, mildly heterogeneous, and moderately heterogeneous in 33% (46/138), 46% (63/138), and 21% (29/138) of all examinations respectively. Intrasac anechoic pockets were seen in 14% (20/139) of yolk sacs. The rate of yolk sac resorption slowed with age. In all examinations identifying a completely absorbed yolk sac or a yolk sac <1 mL in volume, chicks were less than 21 days old. The results of this study provide a reference of normal for the sonographic appearance of the yolk sac in captive brown kiwi chicks.