Browsing by Author "Barton SJ"

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    Evaluation of Preconception Dietary Patterns in Women Enrolled in a Multisite Study
    (Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition, 2022-07) Lim SX; Cox V; Rodrigues N; Colega MT; Barton SJ; Childs CE; Conlon CA; Wall CR; Cutfield WS; Chan S-Y; Godfrey KM; Chong MF-F; NiPPeR Study Group
    BACKGROUND: Diet indices are widely used in nutritional research across communities but do not "capture" the full extent of diet variability across multiple countries. Empirically derived dietary patterns can provide additional information because they reflect combinations of foods potentially associated with health outcomes. Limited studies have evaluated preconception dietary patterns in heterogeneous populations. OBJECTIVES: In the multisite Nutritional Intervention Preconception and During Pregnancy to Maintain Healthy Glucose Metabolism and Offspring Health (NiPPeR) study, the secondary aims included: 1) derive pooled and site-specific preconception dietary patterns, and 2) evaluate these patterns using anthropometric measures and metabolic biomarkers. METHODS: Women planning pregnancy (n = 1720) in the United Kingdom, Singapore, and New Zealand completed interviewer-administered harmonized FFQs and lifestyle questionnaires at recruitment. Across-cohort ("pooled") and site-specific dietary patterns were derived, and associations between dietary pattern scores and BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, plasma lipids, and glycemia assessed using multivariable linear regression, expressing results as SD change in outcome per SD change in dietary pattern score. RESULTS: The pooled analysis identified 3 dietary patterns: "Vegetables/Fruits/Nuts" ("Healthy"), "Fried potatoes/Processed meat/Sweetened beverages" ("Less Healthy"), and "Fish/Poultry/Noodles/Rice" ("Mixed"). The "Healthy" and "Less Healthy" pooled pattern scores were highly correlated with their corresponding site-specific dietary pattern scores ("Healthy": ρ = 0.87-0.93; "Less Healthy": ρ = 0.65-0.88). Women with higher scores for the "Healthy" pooled pattern had a lower waist-to-hip ratio (standardized β: -0.10; 95% CI: -0.18, -0.01); those with higher scores for the "Less Healthy" pooled pattern had a higher BMI (standardized β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.24), higher LDL cholesterol (standardized β: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.19), and less optimal glucose profiles. However, we noted higher adherence to the "Healthy" pooled pattern with higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS: The "Healthy" and "Less Healthy" pooled patterns were comparable to the corresponding site-specific patterns. Although the associations between these patterns and objective anthropometric/metabolic measures were largely in the expected directions, future studies are required to confirm these findings. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02509988).
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    Mitochondrial oxidative capacity and NAD+ biosynthesis are reduced in human sarcopenia across ethnicities
    (Springer Nature Limited, 2019-12-20) Migliavacca E; Tay SKH; Patel HP; Sonntag T; Civiletto G; McFarlane C; Forrester T; Barton SJ; Leow MK; Antoun E; Charpagne A; Seng Chong Y; Descombes P; Feng L; Francis-Emmanuel P; Garratt ES; Giner MP; Green CO; Karaz S; Kothandaraman N; Marquis J; Metairon S; Moco S; Nelson G; Ngo S; Pleasants T; Raymond F; Sayer AA; Ming Sim C; Slater-Jefferies J; Syddall HE; Fang Tan P; Titcombe P; Vaz C; Westbury LD; Wong G; Yonghui W; Cooper C; Sheppard A; Godfrey KM; Lillycrop KA; Karnani N; Feige JN
    The causes of impaired skeletal muscle mass and strength during aging are well-studied in healthy populations. Less is known on pathological age-related muscle wasting and weakness termed sarcopenia, which directly impacts physical autonomy and survival. Here, we compare genome-wide transcriptional changes of sarcopenia versus age-matched controls in muscle biopsies from 119 older men from Singapore, Hertfordshire UK and Jamaica. Individuals with sarcopenia reproducibly demonstrate a prominent transcriptional signature of mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in skeletal muscle, with low PGC-1α/ERRα signalling, and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial proteostasis genes. These changes translate functionally into fewer mitochondria, reduced mitochondrial respiratory complex expression and activity, and low NAD+ levels through perturbed NAD+ biosynthesis and salvage in sarcopenic muscle. We provide an integrated molecular profile of human sarcopenia across ethnicities, demonstrating a fundamental role of altered mitochondrial metabolism in the pathological loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in older people.
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    Time-to-conception and clinical pregnancy rate with a myo-inositol, probiotics, and micronutrient supplement: secondary outcomes of the NiPPeR randomized trial.
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023-05-26) Chan S-Y; Barton SJ; Loy SL; Chang HF; Titcombe P; Wong J-T; Ebreo M; Ong J; Tan KM; Nield H; El-Heis S; Kenealy T; Chong Y-S; Baker PN; Cutfield WS; Godfrey KM; NiPPeR Study Group
    Objective To determine whether a combined myo-inositol, probiotics and micronutrient nutritional supplement impacts time-to-natural-conception and clinical pregnancy rates. Design Secondary outcomes of a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting Community recruitment. Patients Women aged 18 to 38 years planning to conceive in the United Kingdom, Singapore, and New Zealand, excluding those with diabetes mellitus or receiving fertility treatment. Intervention A standard (control) supplement (folic acid, iron, calcium, iodine, β-carotene), compared with an intervention additionally containing myo-inositol, probiotics, and other micronutrients (vitamins B2, B6, B12, D, zinc). Main Outcome Measures Number of days between randomization and estimated date of natural conception of a clinical pregnancy, as well as cumulative pregnancy rates at 3, 6, and 12 months. Results Of 1729 women randomized, 1437 (83%; intervention, n=736; control, n=701) provided data. Kaplan-Meier curves of conception were similar between intervention and control groups; the time at which 20% achieved natural conception was 90.5 days (95% confidence interval: 80.7, 103.5) in the intervention group compared with 92.0 days (76.0, 105.1) in the control group. Cox's proportional hazard ratios (HRs) comparing intervention against control for cumulative achievement of pregnancy (adjusted for site, ethnicity, age, body mass index, and gravidity) were similar at 3, 6, and 12 months. Among both study groups combined, overall time-to-conception lengthened with higher preconception body mass index, and was longer in non-White than in White women. Among women who were overweight the intervention shortened time-to-conception compared with control regardless of ethnicity (12-month HR=1.47 [1.07, 2.02], P=.016; 20% conceived by 84.5 vs. 117.0 days) and improved it to that comparable to nonoverweight/nonobese women (20% conceived by 82.1 days). In contrast, among women with obesity, time-to-conception was lengthened with intervention compared with control (12-month HR=0.69 [0.47, 1.00]; P=.053; 20% conceived by 132.7 vs. 108.5 days); an effect predominantly observed in non-White women with obesity. Conclusions Time-to-natural-conception and clinical pregnancy rates within a year were overall similar in women receiving the intervention supplement compared with control. Overweight women had a longer time-to-conception but there was suggestion that the supplement may shorten their time-to-conception to that comparable to the nonoverweight/nonobese women. Further studies are required to confirm this. Clinical Trial Registration Number clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02509988)